* Syndrome de West
In about 35% of cases, the etiologic event is (still) unknown:
others = structural, infectious, metabolic and immunologic defects and genetic abnormalities
may be prenatal, perinatal, and post-natal period.
ischemic encephalopathy is reported as one of the most common causes of ISs.
“United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study” (UKISS) [14], hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was reported in 10%, followed by chromosomal abnormalities, complex malformation syndromes and perinatal stroke (8%), tuberous sclerosis (7%), and periventricular leukomalacia or hemorrhage (respectively, in 5%)
Source https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7655587/