# 2014 January 11
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
# May you do good and not evil.
# May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
# May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library. The
# focus of this file is testing the WITH clause.
#
set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set ::testprefix with1
ifcapable {!cte} {
finish_test
return
}
do_execsql_test 1.0 {
CREATE TABLE t1(x INTEGER, y INTEGER);
WITH x(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) SELECT 10
} {10}
do_execsql_test 1.1 {
SELECT * FROM ( WITH x AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) SELECT 10 );
} {10}
do_execsql_test 1.2 {
WITH x(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2);
} {}
do_execsql_test 1.3 {
WITH x(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) DELETE FROM t1;
} {}
do_execsql_test 1.4 {
WITH x(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) UPDATE t1 SET x = y;
} {}
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
do_execsql_test 2.1 {
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
CREATE TABLE t1(x);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2);
WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) SELECT x FROM tmp;
} {1 2}
do_execsql_test 2.2 {
WITH tmp(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) SELECT a FROM tmp;
} {1 2}
do_execsql_test 2.3 {
SELECT * FROM (
WITH tmp(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) SELECT a FROM tmp
);
} {1 2}
do_execsql_test 2.4 {
WITH tmp1(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ),
tmp2(x) AS ( SELECT * FROM tmp1)
SELECT * FROM tmp2;
} {1 2}
do_execsql_test 2.5 {
WITH tmp2(x) AS ( SELECT * FROM tmp1),
tmp1(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 )
SELECT * FROM tmp2;
} {1 2}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
do_catchsql_test 3.1 {
WITH tmp2(x) AS ( SELECT * FROM tmp1 ),
tmp1(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM tmp2 )
SELECT * FROM tmp1;
} {1 {circular reference: tmp1}}
do_catchsql_test 3.2 {
CREATE TABLE t2(x INTEGER);
WITH tmp(a) AS (SELECT * FROM t1),
tmp(a) AS (SELECT * FROM t1)
SELECT * FROM tmp;
} {1 {duplicate WITH table name: tmp}}
do_execsql_test 3.3 {
CREATE TABLE t3(x);
CREATE TABLE t4(x);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('T3');
INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('T4');
WITH t3(a) AS (SELECT * FROM t4)
SELECT * FROM t3;
} {T4}
do_execsql_test 3.4 {
WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t3 ),
tmp2 AS ( WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t4 ) SELECT * FROM tmp )
SELECT * FROM tmp2;
} {T4}
do_execsql_test 3.5 {
WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t3 ),
tmp2 AS ( WITH xxxx AS ( SELECT * FROM t4 ) SELECT * FROM tmp )
SELECT * FROM tmp2;
} {T3}
do_catchsql_test 3.6 {
WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t3 ),
SELECT * FROM tmp;
} {1 {near "SELECT": syntax error}}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
do_execsql_test 4.1 {
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
CREATE TABLE t1(x);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4);
WITH dset AS ( SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 4 )
DELETE FROM t1 WHERE x IN dset;
SELECT * FROM t1;
} {1 3}
do_execsql_test 4.2 {
WITH iset AS ( SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 4 )
INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM iset;
SELECT * FROM t1;
} {1 3 2 4}
do_execsql_test 4.3 {
WITH uset(a, b) AS ( SELECT 2, 8 UNION ALL SELECT 4, 9 )
UPDATE t1 SET x = COALESCE( (SELECT b FROM uset WHERE a=x), x );
SELECT * FROM t1;
} {1 3 8 9}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
do_execsql_test 5.1 {
WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM i)
SELECT x FROM i LIMIT 10;
} {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10}
do_catchsql_test 5.2 {
WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM i ORDER BY 1)
SELECT x FROM i LIMIT 10;
} {0 {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10}}
do_execsql_test 5.2.1 {
CREATE TABLE edge(xfrom, xto, seq, PRIMARY KEY(xfrom, xto)) WITHOUT ROWID;
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(0, 1, 10);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(1, 2, 20);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(0, 3, 30);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(2, 4, 40);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(3, 4, 40);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(2, 5, 50);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(3, 6, 60);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(5, 7, 70);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(3, 7, 70);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(4, 8, 80);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(7, 8, 80);
INSERT INTO edge VALUES(8, 9, 90);
WITH RECURSIVE
ancest(id, mtime) AS
(VALUES(0, 0)
UNION
SELECT edge.xto, edge.seq FROM edge, ancest
WHERE edge.xfrom=ancest.id
ORDER BY 2
)
SELECT * FROM ancest;
} {0 0 1 10 2 20 3 30 4 40 5 50 6 60 7 70 8 80 9 90}
do_execsql_test 5.2.2 {
WITH RECURSIVE
ancest(id, mtime) AS
(VALUES(0, 0)
UNION ALL
SELECT edge.xto, edge.seq FROM edge, ancest
WHERE edge.xfrom=ancest.id
ORDER BY 2
)
SELECT * FROM ancest;
} {0 0 1 10 2 20 3 30 4 40 4 40 5 50 6 60 7 70 7 70 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 9 90 9 90 9 90 9 90}
do_execsql_test 5.2.3 {
WITH RECURSIVE
ancest(id, mtime) AS
(VALUES(0, 0)
UNION ALL
SELECT edge.xto, edge.seq FROM edge, ancest
WHERE edge.xfrom=ancest.id
ORDER BY 2 LIMIT 4 OFFSET 2
)
SELECT * FROM ancest;
} {2 20 3 30 4 40 4 40}
do_catchsql_test 5.3 {
WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM i LIMIT 5)
SELECT x FROM i;
} {0 {1 2 3 4 5}}
do_execsql_test 5.4 {
WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT (x+1)%10 FROM i)
SELECT x FROM i LIMIT 20;
} {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0}
do_execsql_test 5.5 {
WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION SELECT (x+1)%10 FROM i)
SELECT x FROM i LIMIT 20;
} {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0}
do_catchsql_test 5.6.1 {
WITH i(x, y) AS ( VALUES(1) )
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {table i has 1 values for 2 columns}}
do_catchsql_test 5.6.2 {
WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1,2) )
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {table i has 2 values for 1 columns}}
do_catchsql_test 5.6.3 {
CREATE TABLE t5(a, b);
WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT * FROM t5 )
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {table i has 2 values for 1 columns}}
do_catchsql_test 5.6.4 {
WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT 1, 2 UNION ALL SELECT 1 )
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {table i has 2 values for 1 columns}}
do_catchsql_test 5.6.5 {
WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1, 2 )
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {SELECTs to the left and right of UNION ALL do not have the same number of result columns}}
do_catchsql_test 5.6.6 {
WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT x+1, x*2 FROM i )
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {SELECTs to the left and right of UNION ALL do not have the same number of result columns}}
do_catchsql_test 5.6.7 {
WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT 1, 2 UNION SELECT x+1 FROM i )
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {table i has 2 values for 1 columns}}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
do_execsql_test 6.1 {
CREATE TABLE f(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentid REFERENCES f, name TEXT
);
INSERT INTO f VALUES(0, NULL, '');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(1, 0, 'bin');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(2, 1, 'true');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(3, 1, 'false');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(4, 1, 'ls');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(5, 1, 'grep');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(6, 0, 'etc');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(7, 6, 'rc.d');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(8, 7, 'rc.apache');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(9, 7, 'rc.samba');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(10, 0, 'home');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(11, 10, 'dan');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(12, 11, 'public_html');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(13, 12, 'index.html');
INSERT INTO f VALUES(14, 13, 'logo.gif');
}
do_execsql_test 6.2 {
WITH flat(fid, fpath) AS (
SELECT id, '' FROM f WHERE parentid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT id, fpath || '/' || name FROM f, flat WHERE parentid=fid
)
SELECT fpath FROM flat WHERE fpath!='' ORDER BY 1;
} {
/bin
/bin/false /bin/grep /bin/ls /bin/true
/etc
/etc/rc.d
/etc/rc.d/rc.apache /etc/rc.d/rc.samba
/home
/home/dan
/home/dan/public_html
/home/dan/public_html/index.html
/home/dan/public_html/index.html/logo.gif
}
do_execsql_test 6.3 {
WITH flat(fid, fpath) AS (
SELECT id, '' FROM f WHERE parentid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT id, fpath || '/' || name FROM f, flat WHERE parentid=fid
)
SELECT count(*) FROM flat;
} {15}
do_execsql_test 6.4 {
WITH x(i) AS (
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT i+1 FROM x WHERE i<10
)
SELECT count(*) FROM x
} {10}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
do_execsql_test 7.1 {
CREATE TABLE tree(i, p);
INSERT INTO tree VALUES(1, NULL);
INSERT INTO tree VALUES(2, 1);
INSERT INTO tree VALUES(3, 1);
INSERT INTO tree VALUES(4, 2);
INSERT INTO tree VALUES(5, 4);
}
do_execsql_test 7.2 {
WITH t(id, path) AS (
SELECT i, '' FROM tree WHERE p IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT i, path || '/' || i FROM tree, t WHERE p = id
)
SELECT path FROM t;
} {{} /2 /3 /2/4 /2/4/5}
do_execsql_test 7.3 {
WITH t(id) AS (
VALUES(2)
UNION ALL
SELECT i FROM tree, t WHERE p = id
)
SELECT id FROM t;
} {2 4 5}
do_catchsql_test 7.4 {
WITH t(id) AS (
VALUES(2)
UNION ALL
SELECT i FROM tree WHERE p IN (SELECT id FROM t)
)
SELECT id FROM t;
} {1 {circular reference: t}}
do_catchsql_test 7.5 {
WITH t(id) AS (
VALUES(2)
UNION ALL
SELECT i FROM tree, t WHERE p = id AND p IN (SELECT id FROM t)
)
SELECT id FROM t;
} {1 {multiple recursive references: t}}
do_catchsql_test 7.6 {
WITH t(id) AS (
SELECT i FROM tree WHERE 2 IN (SELECT id FROM t)
UNION ALL
SELECT i FROM tree, t WHERE p = id
)
SELECT id FROM t;
} {1 {circular reference: t}}
# Compute the mandelbrot set using a recursive query
#
do_execsql_test 8.1-mandelbrot {
WITH RECURSIVE
xaxis(x) AS (VALUES(-2.0) UNION ALL SELECT x+0.05 FROM xaxis WHERE x<1.2),
yaxis(y) AS (VALUES(-1.0) UNION ALL SELECT y+0.1 FROM yaxis WHERE y<1.0),
m(iter, cx, cy, x, y) AS (
SELECT 0, x, y, 0.0, 0.0 FROM xaxis, yaxis
UNION ALL
SELECT iter+1, cx, cy, x*x-y*y + cx, 2.0*x*y + cy FROM m
WHERE (x*x + y*y) < 4.0 AND iter<28
),
m2(iter, cx, cy) AS (
SELECT max(iter), cx, cy FROM m GROUP BY cx, cy
),
a(t) AS (
SELECT group_concat( substr(' .+*#', 1+min(iter/7,4), 1), '')
FROM m2 GROUP BY cy
)
SELECT group_concat(rtrim(t),x'0a') FROM a;
} {{ ....#
..#*..
..+####+.
.......+####.... +
..##+*##########+.++++
.+.##################+.
.............+###################+.+
..++..#.....*#####################+.
...+#######++#######################.
....+*################################.
#############################################...
....+*################################.
...+#######++#######################.
..++..#.....*#####################+.
.............+###################+.+
.+.##################+.
..##+*##########+.++++
.......+####.... +
..+####+.
..#*..
....#
+.}}
# Solve a sudoku puzzle using a recursive query
#
do_execsql_test 8.2-soduko {
WITH RECURSIVE
input(sud) AS (
VALUES('53..7....6..195....98....6.8...6...34..8.3..17...2...6.6....28....419..5....8..79')
),
/* A table filled with digits 1..9, inclusive. */
digits(z, lp) AS (
VALUES('1', 1)
UNION ALL SELECT
CAST(lp+1 AS TEXT), lp+1 FROM digits WHERE lp<9
),
/* The tricky bit. */
x(s, ind) AS (
SELECT sud, instr(sud, '.') FROM input
UNION ALL
SELECT
substr(s, 1, ind-1) || z || substr(s, ind+1),
instr( substr(s, 1, ind-1) || z || substr(s, ind+1), '.' )
FROM x, digits AS z
WHERE ind>0
AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM digits AS lp
WHERE z.z = substr(s, ((ind-1)/9)*9 + lp, 1)
OR z.z = substr(s, ((ind-1)%9) + (lp-1)*9 + 1, 1)
OR z.z = substr(s, (((ind-1)/3) % 3) * 3
+ ((ind-1)/27) * 27 + lp
+ ((lp-1) / 3) * 6, 1)
)
)
SELECT s FROM x WHERE ind=0;
} {534678912672195348198342567859761423426853791713924856961537284287419635345286179}
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Some tests that use LIMIT and OFFSET in the definition of recursive CTEs.
#
set I [list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20]
proc limit_test {tn iLimit iOffset} {
if {$iOffset < 0} { set iOffset 0 }
if {$iLimit < 0 } {
set result [lrange $::I $iOffset end]
} else {
set result [lrange $::I $iOffset [expr $iLimit+$iOffset-1]]
}
uplevel [list do_execsql_test $tn [subst -nocommands {
WITH ii(a) AS (
VALUES(1)
UNION ALL
SELECT a+1 FROM ii WHERE a<20
LIMIT $iLimit OFFSET $iOffset
)
SELECT * FROM ii
}] $result]
}
limit_test 9.1 20 0
limit_test 9.2 0 0
limit_test 9.3 19 1
limit_test 9.4 20 -1
limit_test 9.5 5 5
limit_test 9.6 0 -1
limit_test 9.7 40 -1
limit_test 9.8 -1 -1
limit_test 9.9 -1 -1
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test the ORDER BY clause on recursive tables.
#
do_execsql_test 10.1 {
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tree;
CREATE TABLE tree(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentid, payload);
}
proc insert_into_tree {L} {
db eval { DELETE FROM tree }
foreach key $L {
unset -nocomplain parentid
foreach seg [split $key /] {
if {$seg==""} continue
set id [db one {
SELECT id FROM tree WHERE parentid IS $parentid AND payload=$seg
}]
if {$id==""} {
db eval { INSERT INTO tree VALUES(NULL, $parentid, $seg) }
set parentid [db last_insert_rowid]
} else {
set parentid $id
}
}
}
}
insert_into_tree {
/a/a/a
/a/b/c
/a/b/c/d
/a/b/d
}
do_execsql_test 10.2 {
WITH flat(fid, p) AS (
SELECT id, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT id, p || '/' || payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
)
SELECT p FROM flat ORDER BY p;
} {
/a /a/a /a/a/a
/a/b /a/b/c /a/b/c/d
/a/b/d
}
# Scan the tree-structure currently stored in table tree. Return a list
# of nodes visited.
#
proc scan_tree {bDepthFirst bReverse} {
set order "ORDER BY "
if {$bDepthFirst==0} { append order "2 ASC," }
if {$bReverse==0} {
append order " 3 ASC"
} else {
append order " 3 DESC"
}
db eval "
WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS (
SELECT id, 1, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT id, depth+1, p||'/'||payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
$order
)
SELECT p FROM flat;
"
}
insert_into_tree {
/a/b
/a/b/c
/a/d
/a/d/e
/a/d/f
/g/h
}
# Breadth first, siblings in ascending order.
#
do_test 10.3 {
scan_tree 0 0
} [list {*}{
/a /g
/a/b /a/d /g/h
/a/b/c /a/d/e /a/d/f
}]
# Depth first, siblings in ascending order.
#
do_test 10.4 {
scan_tree 1 0
} [list {*}{
/a /a/b /a/b/c
/a/d /a/d/e
/a/d/f
/g /g/h
}]
# Breadth first, siblings in descending order.
#
do_test 10.5 {
scan_tree 0 1
} [list {*}{
/g /a
/g/h /a/d /a/b
/a/d/f /a/d/e /a/b/c
}]
# Depth first, siblings in ascending order.
#
do_test 10.6 {
scan_tree 1 1
} [list {*}{
/g /g/h
/a /a/d /a/d/f
/a/d/e
/a/b /a/b/c
}]
# Test name resolution in ORDER BY clauses.
#
do_catchsql_test 10.7.1 {
WITH t(a) AS (
SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY a
)
SELECT * FROM t
} {1 {1st ORDER BY term does not match any column in the result set}}
do_execsql_test 10.7.2 {
WITH t(a) AS (
SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY b
)
SELECT * FROM t
} {1 2 3 4 5}
do_execsql_test 10.7.3 {
WITH t(a) AS (
SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY c
)
SELECT * FROM t
} {1 2 3 4 5}
# Test COLLATE clauses attached to ORDER BY.
#
insert_into_tree {
/a/b
/a/C
/a/d
/B/e
/B/F
/B/g
/c/h
/c/I
/c/j
}
do_execsql_test 10.8.1 {
WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS (
SELECT id, 1, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT id, depth+1, p||'/'||payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
ORDER BY 2, 3 COLLATE nocase
)
SELECT p FROM flat;
} {
/a /B /c
/a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j
}
do_execsql_test 10.8.2 {
WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS (
SELECT id, 1, ('/' || payload) COLLATE nocase
FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT id, depth+1, (p||'/'||payload)
FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
ORDER BY 2, 3
)
SELECT p FROM flat;
} {
/a /B /c
/a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j
}
do_execsql_test 10.8.3 {
WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS (
SELECT id, 1, ('/' || payload)
FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT id, depth+1, (p||'/'||payload) COLLATE nocase
FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
ORDER BY 2, 3
)
SELECT p FROM flat;
} {
/a /B /c
/a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j
}
do_execsql_test 10.8.4.1 {
CREATE TABLE tst(a,b);
INSERT INTO tst VALUES('a', 'A');
INSERT INTO tst VALUES('b', 'B');
INSERT INTO tst VALUES('c', 'C');
SELECT a COLLATE nocase FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b FROM tst ORDER BY 1;
} {a A b B c C}
do_execsql_test 10.8.4.2 {
SELECT a FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b COLLATE nocase FROM tst ORDER BY 1;
} {A B C a b c}
do_execsql_test 10.8.4.3 {
SELECT a||'' FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b COLLATE nocase FROM tst ORDER BY 1;
} {a A b B c C}
# Test cases to illustrate on the ORDER BY clause on a recursive query can be
# used to control depth-first versus breath-first search in a tree.
#
do_execsql_test 11.1 {
CREATE TABLE org(
name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
boss TEXT REFERENCES org
) WITHOUT ROWID;
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Alice',NULL);
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Bob','Alice');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Cindy','Alice');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Dave','Bob');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Emma','Bob');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Fred','Cindy');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Gail','Cindy');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Harry','Dave');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Ingrid','Dave');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Jim','Emma');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Kate','Emma');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Lanny','Fred');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Mary','Fred');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Noland','Gail');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Olivia','Gail');
-- The above are all under Alice. Add a few more records for people
-- not in Alice's group, just to prove that they won't be selected.
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Xaviar',NULL);
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Xia','Xaviar');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Xerxes','Xaviar');
INSERT INTO org VALUES('Xena','Xia');
-- Find all members of Alice's group, breath-first order
WITH RECURSIVE
under_alice(name,level) AS (
VALUES('Alice','0')
UNION ALL
SELECT org.name, under_alice.level+1
FROM org, under_alice
WHERE org.boss=under_alice.name
ORDER BY 2
)
SELECT group_concat(substr('...............',1,level*3) || name,x'0a')
FROM under_alice;
} {{Alice
...Bob
...Cindy
......Dave
......Emma
......Fred
......Gail
.........Harry
.........Ingrid
.........Jim
.........Kate
.........Lanny
.........Mary
.........Noland
.........Olivia}}
# The previous query used "ORDER BY level" to yield a breath-first search.
# Change that to "ORDER BY level DESC" for a depth-first search.
#
do_execsql_test 11.2 {
WITH RECURSIVE
under_alice(name,level) AS (
VALUES('Alice','0')
UNION ALL
SELECT org.name, under_alice.level+1
FROM org, under_alice
WHERE org.boss=under_alice.name
ORDER BY 2 DESC
)
SELECT group_concat(substr('...............',1,level*3) || name,x'0a')
FROM under_alice;
} {{Alice
...Bob
......Dave
.........Harry
.........Ingrid
......Emma
.........Jim
.........Kate
...Cindy
......Fred
.........Lanny
.........Mary
......Gail
.........Noland
.........Olivia}}
# Without an ORDER BY clause, the recursive query should use a FIFO,
# resulting in a breath-first search.
#
do_execsql_test 11.3 {
WITH RECURSIVE
under_alice(name,level) AS (
VALUES('Alice','0')
UNION ALL
SELECT org.name, under_alice.level+1
FROM org, under_alice
WHERE org.boss=under_alice.name
)
SELECT group_concat(substr('...............',1,level*3) || name,x'0a')
FROM under_alice;
} {{Alice
...Bob
...Cindy
......Dave
......Emma
......Fred
......Gail
.........Harry
.........Ingrid
.........Jim
.........Kate
.........Lanny
.........Mary
.........Noland
.........Olivia}}
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Ticket [31a19d11b97088296ac104aaff113a9790394927] (2014-02-09)
# Name resolution issue with compound SELECTs and Common Table Expressions
#
do_execsql_test 12.1 {
WITH RECURSIVE
t1(x) AS (VALUES(2) UNION ALL SELECT x+2 FROM t1 WHERE x<20),
t2(y) AS (VALUES(3) UNION ALL SELECT y+3 FROM t2 WHERE y<20)
SELECT x FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT y FROM t2 ORDER BY 1;
} {2 4 8 10 14 16 20}
# 2015-03-21
# Column wildcards on the LHS of a recursive table expression
#
do_catchsql_test 13.1 {
WITH RECURSIVE c(i) AS (SELECT * UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM c WHERE i<10)
SELECT i FROM c;
} {1 {no tables specified}}
do_catchsql_test 13.2 {
WITH RECURSIVE c(i) AS (SELECT 5,* UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM c WHERE i<10)
SELECT i FROM c;
} {1 {no tables specified}}
do_catchsql_test 13.3 {
WITH RECURSIVE c(i,j) AS (SELECT 5,* UNION ALL SELECT i+1,11 FROM c WHERE i<10)
SELECT i FROM c;
} {1 {table c has 1 values for 2 columns}}
# 2015-04-12
#
do_execsql_test 14.1 {
WITH x AS (SELECT * FROM t) SELECT 0 EXCEPT SELECT 0 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE binary;
} {}
# 2015-05-27: Do not allow rowid usage within a CTE
#
do_catchsql_test 15.1 {
WITH RECURSIVE
d(x) AS (VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT rowid+1 FROM d WHERE rowid<10)
SELECT x FROM d;
} {1 {no such column: rowid}}
# 2015-07-05: Do not allow aggregate recursive queries
#
do_catchsql_test 16.1 {
WITH RECURSIVE
i(x) AS (VALUES(1) UNION SELECT count(*) FROM i)
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {recursive aggregate queries not supported}}
# Or window-function recursive queries. Ticket e8275b41.
#
ifcapable windowfunc {
do_catchsql_test 16.2 {
WITH RECURSIVE
i(x) AS (VALUES(1) UNION SELECT count(*) OVER () FROM i)
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {cannot use window functions in recursive queries}}
do_catchsql_test 16.3 {
WITH RECURSIVE
t(id, parent) AS (VALUES(1,2)),
q(id, parent, rn) AS (
VALUES(1,2,3)
UNION ALL
SELECT t.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY t.id) AS rn
FROM q JOIN t ON t.parent = q.id
)
SELECT * FROM q;
} {1 {cannot use window functions in recursive queries}}
}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
do_execsql_test 17.1 {
WITH x(a) AS (
WITH y(b) AS (SELECT 10)
SELECT 9 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM y
)
SELECT * FROM x
} {9 10}
do_execsql_test 17.2 {
WITH x AS (
WITH y(b) AS (SELECT 10)
SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT * FROM y
)
SELECT * FROM x
} {10 10}
do_test 17.2 {
db eval {
WITH x AS (
WITH y(b) AS (SELECT 10)
SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT * FROM y
)
SELECT * FROM x
} A {
# no op
}
set A(*)
} {b}
do_catchsql_test 17.3 {
WITH i AS (
WITH j AS (SELECT 5)
SELECT 5 FROM i UNION SELECT 8 FROM i
)
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {circular reference: i}}
do_catchsql_test 17.4 {
WITH i AS (
WITH j AS (SELECT 5)
SELECT 5 FROM t1 UNION SELECT 8 FROM t11
)
SELECT * FROM i;
} {1 {no such table: t11}}
do_execsql_test 17.5 {
WITH
x1 AS (SELECT 10),
x2 AS (SELECT * FROM x1),
x3 AS (
WITH x1 AS (SELECT 11)
SELECT * FROM x2 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x2
)
SELECT * FROM x3;
} {10 10}
do_execsql_test 17.6 {
WITH
x1 AS (SELECT 10),
x2 AS (SELECT * FROM x1),
x3 AS (
WITH x1 AS (SELECT 11)
SELECT * FROM x2 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x1
)
SELECT * FROM x3;
} {10 11}
do_execsql_test 17.7 {
WITH
x1 AS (SELECT 10),
x2 AS (SELECT * FROM x1),
x3 AS (
WITH
x1 AS ( SELECT 11 ),
x4 AS ( SELECT * FROM x2 )
SELECT * FROM x4 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x1
)
SELECT * FROM x3;
} {10 11}
do_execsql_test 17.8 {
WITH
x1 AS (SELECT 10),
x2 AS (SELECT * FROM x1),
x3 AS (
WITH
x1 AS ( SELECT 11 ),
x4 AS ( SELECT * FROM x2 )
SELECT * FROM x4 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x1
)
SELECT * FROM x3;
} {10 11}
do_execsql_test 17.9 {
WITH
x1 AS (SELECT 10),
x2 AS (SELECT 11),
x3 AS (
SELECT * FROM x1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x2
),
x4 AS (
WITH
x1 AS (SELECT 12),
x2 AS (SELECT 13)
SELECT * FROM x3
)
SELECT * FROM x4;
} {10 11}
# Added to test a fix to a faulty assert() discovered by libFuzzer.
#
do_execsql_test 18.1 {
WITH xyz(x) AS (VALUES(NULL) UNION SELECT round(1<x) FROM xyz ORDER BY 1)
SELECT quote(x) FROM xyz;
} {NULL}
do_execsql_test 18.2 {
WITH xyz(x) AS (
SELECT printf('%d', 5) * NULL
UNION SELECT round(1<1+x)
FROM xyz ORDER BY 1
)
SELECT 1 FROM xyz;
} 1
# EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN on a self-join of a CTE
#
do_execsql_test 19.1a {
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
CREATE TABLE t1(x);
}
do_eqp_test 19.1b {
WITH
x1(a) AS (values(100))
INSERT INTO t1(x)
SELECT * FROM (WITH x2(y) AS (SELECT * FROM x1) SELECT y+a FROM x1, x2);
SELECT * FROM t1;
} {
QUERY PLAN
|--MATERIALIZE x1
| `--SCAN CONSTANT ROW
|--SCAN x1
`--SCAN x1
}
# 2017-10-28.
# See check-in https://sqlite.org/src/info/0926df095faf72c2
# Tried to optimize co-routine processing by changing a Copy opcode
# into SCopy. But OSSFuzz found two (similar) cases where that optimization
# does not work.
#
do_execsql_test 20.1 {
WITH c(i)AS(VALUES(9)UNION SELECT~i FROM c)SELECT max(5)>i fROM c;
} {0}
do_execsql_test 20.2 {
WITH c(i)AS(VALUES(5)UNIoN SELECT 0)SELECT min(1)-i fROM c;
} {1}
# 2018-12-26
# Two different CTE tables with the same name appear in within a single FROM
# clause due to the query-flattener optimization. make sure this does not cause
# problems. This problem was discovered by Matt Denton.
#
do_execsql_test 21.1 {
WITH RECURSIVE t21(a,b) AS (
WITH t21(x) AS (VALUES(1))
SELECT x, x FROM t21 ORDER BY 1
)
SELECT * FROM t21 AS tA, t21 AS tB
} {1 1 1 1}
do_execsql_test 21.1b {
/* This variant from chromium bug 922312 on 2019-01-16 */
WITH RECURSIVE t21(a,b) AS (
WITH t21(x) AS (VALUES(1))
SELECT x, x FROM t21 ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 5
)
SELECT * FROM t21 AS tA, t21 AS tB
} {1 1 1 1}
do_execsql_test 21.2 {
SELECT printf('',
EXISTS (WITH RECURSIVE Table0 AS (WITH Table0 AS (SELECT DISTINCT 1)
SELECT *, * FROM Table0 ORDER BY 1 DESC)
SELECT * FROM Table0 NATURAL JOIN Table0));
} {{}}
# 2019-01-17
# Make sure crazy nexted CTE joins terminate with an error quickly.
#
do_catchsql_test 22.1 {
WITH RECURSIVE c AS NOT MATERIALIZED (
WITH RECURSIVE c AS NOT MATERIALIZED (
WITH RECURSIVE c AS NOT MATERIALIZED (
WITH RECURSIVE c AS NOT MATERIALIZED (
WITH c AS (VALUES(0))
SELECT 1 FROM c LEFT JOIN c ON ltrim(1)
)
SELECT 1 FROM c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c
)
SELECT 2 FROM c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c
)
SELECT 3 FROM c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c
)
SELECT 4 FROM c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c;
} {1 {too many FROM clause terms, max: 200}}
# 2019-05-22
# ticket https://www.sqlite.org/src/tktview/ce823231949d3abf42453c8f20
#
sqlite3 db :memory:
do_execsql_test 23.1 {
CREATE TABLE t1(id INTEGER NULL PRIMARY KEY, name Text);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'john');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2, 'james');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3, 'jingle');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (4, 'himer');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (5, 'smith');
CREATE VIEW v2 AS
WITH t4(Name) AS (VALUES ('A'), ('B'))
SELECT Name Name FROM t4;
CREATE VIEW v3 AS
WITH t4(Att, Val, Act) AS (VALUES
('C', 'D', 'E'),
('F', 'G', 'H')
)
SELECT D.Id Id, P.Name Protocol, T.Att Att, T.Val Val, T.Act Act
FROM t1 D
CROSS JOIN v2 P
CROSS JOIN t4 T;
SELECT * FROM v3;
} {1 A C D E 1 A F G H 1 B C D E 1 B F G H 2 A C D E 2 A F G H 2 B C D E 2 B F G H 3 A C D E 3 A F G H 3 B C D E 3 B F G H 4 A C D E 4 A F G H 4 B C D E 4 B F G H 5 A C D E 5 A F G H 5 B C D E 5 B F G H}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 24.1 {
CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT max(a), min(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY c;
}
do_test 24.1 {
set program [db eval {EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM v1 AS aa, v1 AS bb, v1 AS cc}]
expr [lsearch $program OpenDup]>0
} {1}
do_execsql_test 24.2 {
ATTACH "" AS aux;
CREATE VIEW aux.v3 AS VALUES(1);
CREATE VIEW main.v3 AS VALUES(3);
CREATE VIEW aux.v2 AS SELECT * FROM v3;
CREATE VIEW main.v2 AS SELECT * FROM v3;
SELECT * FROM main.v2 AS a, aux.v2 AS b, aux.v2 AS c, main.v2 AS d;
} {
3 1 1 3
}
# 2020-01-02 chromium ticket 1033461
# Do not allow the generated name of a CTE be "true" or "false" as
# such a label might be later confused for the boolean literals of
# the same name, causing inconsistencies in the abstract syntax
# tree. This problem first arose in version 3.23.0 when SQLite
# began recognizing "true" and "false" as boolean literals, but also
# had to continue to recognize "true" and "false" as identifiers for
# backwards compatibility.
#
foreach {id dual} {
1 {CREATE TABLE dual AS SELECT 'X' AS dummy}
2 {CREATE TEMP TABLE dual AS SELECT 'X' AS dummy}
3 {CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('X')}
4 {CREATE TEMP VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('X')}
} {
reset_db
db eval $dual
do_execsql_test 25.$id {
WITH cte1 AS (
SELECT TRUE, (
WITH cte2 AS (SELECT avg(DISTINCT TRUE) FROM dual)
SELECT 2571 FROM cte2
) AS subquery1
FROM dual
GROUP BY 1
)
SELECT (SELECT 1324 FROM cte1) FROM cte1;
} {1324}
}
do_catchsql_test 26.0 {
WITH i(x) AS (
VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FRO, a.b,O. * ,I¬i O, a.b,O. * ORDER BY 1
)
SELECT x,O. * O FROM i ¬I,I? 10;
} {1 {near "O": syntax error}}
# 2020-09-17 ticket c51489c3b8f919c5
# DISTINCT cannot be ignored in a UNION ALL recursive CTE
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 26.1 {
CREATE TABLE t (label VARCHAR(10), step INTEGER);
INSERT INTO T VALUES('a', 1);
INSERT INTO T VALUES('a', 1);
INSERT INTO T VALUES('b', 1);
WITH RECURSIVE cte(label, step) AS (
SELECT DISTINCT * FROM t
UNION ALL
SELECT label, step + 1 FROM cte WHERE step < 3
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY +label, +step;
} {a 1 a 2 a 3 b 1 b 2 b 3}
do_execsql_test 26.2 {
WITH RECURSIVE cte(label, step) AS (
SELECT * FROM t
UNION
SELECT label, step + 1 FROM cte WHERE step < 3
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY +label, +step;
} {a 1 a 2 a 3 b 1 b 2 b 3}
do_execsql_test 26.3 {
CREATE TABLE tworow(x);
INSERT INTO tworow(x) VALUES(1),(2);
DELETE FROM t WHERE rowid=2;
WITH RECURSIVE cte(label, step) AS (
SELECT * FROM t
UNION ALL
SELECT DISTINCT label, step + 1 FROM cte, tworow WHERE step < 3
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY +label, +step;
} {a 1 a 2 a 3 b 1 b 2 b 3}
# 2021-05-20
# forum post https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/8590e3f6dc
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 27.1 {
CREATE TABLE t1(k);
CREATE TABLE log(k, cte_map, main_map);
CREATE TABLE map(k, v);
INSERT INTO map VALUES(1, 'main1'), (2, 'main2');
CREATE TRIGGER tr1 AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
INSERT INTO log
WITH map(k,v) AS (VALUES(1,'cte1'),(2,'cte2'))
SELECT
new.k,
(SELECT v FROM map WHERE k=new.k),
(SELECT v FROM main.map WHERE k=new.k);
END;
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2);
SELECT k, cte_map, main_map, '|' FROM log ORDER BY k;
} {1 cte1 main1 | 2 cte2 main2 |}
finish_test