/* This blank slate is intended to give a reasonable c11 library.
 * Replace functions that are missing in compiler environments out in the wild to normalize application development for
 * Alias.
 *
 * Turns out many projects end up with their own bits of stdlib self implemented. We also require it to be available in
 * the Alias tools for the host to use during compiling the target.
 *
 * generally, for functions and/or header that are found to have undesireable behaviour (like, they are hiding). make a
 * replacement and provide a macro to replace it.
 *
 * When making the replacement do several things; use the modern API (such as bsearch vs bsearch_s from c11); prefer to
 * use the C.UTF-8 locale instead of C; and/or UTF-8 compatible
 *
 * Not sure how to tackle locale, may just enforce these functions are C.UTF-8 and user beware about printing and
 * contained under tabula_locale_*
 *
 */

#ifndef _TABULA_H_
#define _TABULA_H_

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
// issues encountered while using Visual Studio:
//  - restrict keyword

#define restrict __restrict
#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
// issues encountered while using MingW:
//  - printf positional arguments
//  - no <uchar.h>

#define TABULA_HAS_UCHAR 0
#endif

#ifndef TABULA_HAS_UCHAR
#define TABULA_HAS_UCHAR 1
#endif

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdalign.h>
#include <inttypes.h>

#if TABULA_HAS_UCHAR
#include <uchar.h>
#else
#include <wchar.h>
#endif

#if !defined(TABULA_NO_REPLACEMENT_MACROS)
#define TABULA_NO_REPLACEMENT_MACROS 0
#else
#undef TABULA_NO_REPLACEMENT_MACROS
#define TABULA_NO_REPLACEMENT_MACROS 1
#endif

#if !TABULA_HAS_UCHAR
typedef uint8_t tabula_char8_t;
typedef uint16_t tabula_char16_t;
typedef uint32_t tabula_char32_t;

#define char8_t tabula_char8_t
#define char16_t tabula_char16_t
#define char32_t tabula_char32_t
#endif

// uchar
size_t tabula_mbrtoc16(char16_t *restrict pc16, const char *restrict s, size_t n, mbstate_t *restrict ps);
size_t tabula_c16rtomb(char *restrict s, char16_t c16, mbstate_t *restrict ps);

size_t tabula_mbrtoc32(char32_t *restrict pc32, const char *restrict s, size_t n, mbstate_t *restrict ps);
size_t tabula_c32rtomb(char *restrict s, char32_t c32, mbstate_t *restrict ps);

#if !TABULA_NO_REPLACEMENT_MACROS || !TABULA_HAS_UCHAR
#define mbrtoc16(A, B, C, D) tabula_mbrtoc16(A, B, C, D)
#define c16rtomb(A, B, C, D) tabula_c16rtomb(A, B, C, D)
#define mbrtoc32(A, B, C, D) tabula_mbrtoc32(A, B, C, D)
#define c32rtomb(A, B, C, D) tabula_c32rtomb(A, B, C, D)
#endif

bool tabula_binary_search(const void *key, const void *ptr, size_t count, size_t size,
                          int (*comp)(const void *, const void *, void *ud), void *ud, const void **found,
                          size_t *not_found);
void tabula_qsort(void *ptr, size_t count, size_t size, int (*comp)(const void *, const void *, void *ud), void *ud);

static inline void *tabula_bsearch(const void *key, const void *ptr, size_t count, size_t size,
                                   int (*comp)(const void *, const void *, void *ud), void *ud) {
  const void *found;
  size_t not_found;
  if(count == 0) {
    return NULL;
  }
  return tabula_binary_search(key, ptr, count, size, comp, ud, &found, &not_found) ? (void *)found : NULL;
}

#if !TABULA_NO_REPLACEMENT_MACROS
#define bsearch(A, B, C, D, E, F) tabula_bsearch(A, B, C, D, E, F)
#define qsort(A, B, C, D, E) tabula_qsort(A, B, C, D, E)
#endif

// format
struct tabula_format_emit_to_string_data {
  uint8_t *string;
  size_t string_size;
  size_t position;
};

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#define TABULA_FORMAT_DECORATE(FORMAT_INDEX, FIRST_ARGUMENT_INDEX)
#else
#define TABULA_FORMAT_DECORATE(FORMAT_INDEX, FIRST_ARGUMENT_INDEX)                                                     \
  __attribute__((format(printf, FORMAT_INDEX, FIRST_ARGUMENT_INDEX)))
#endif

int tabula_vformat(void (*emit)(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud), void *ud, unsigned int limit,
                   const char *format, va_list ap);

TABULA_FORMAT_DECORATE(4, 5)
static inline int tabula_format(void (*emit)(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud), void *ud, unsigned int limit,
                                const char *format, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  int result = tabula_vformat(emit, ud, limit, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return result;
}

void tabula_format_emit_to_file(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud);
void tabula_format_emit_to_string(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud);
void tabula_format_emit_to_nothing(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud);

// # format null options
enum tabula_format_null {
  TABULA_FORMAT_HASHx_0,
  TABULA_FORMAT_HASHX_0,
  TABULA_FORMAT_PARENTHESIS_null,
  TABULA_FORMAT_PARENTHESIS_NULL,
};

enum tabula_format_null tabula_format_get_ptrnull(void);
void tabula_format_set_ptrnull_from_system(void);
void tabula_format_set_ptrnull(enum tabula_format_null e);

enum tabula_format_null tabula_format_get_strnull(void);
void tabula_format_set_strnull_from_system(void);
void tabula_format_set_strnull(enum tabula_format_null e);

// stdio
static inline int tabula_vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) {
  return tabula_vformat(tabula_format_emit_to_file, stdout, (unsigned int)-1, format, ap);
}

static inline int tabula_vcprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) {
  return tabula_vformat(tabula_format_emit_to_nothing, NULL, (unsigned int)-1, format, ap);
}

static inline int tabula_vsnprintf(char *string, size_t string_size, unsigned int limit, const char *format,
                                   va_list ap) {
  struct tabula_format_emit_to_string_data data = {.string = (uint8_t *)string, .string_size = string_size, .position = 0};
  int result = tabula_vformat(tabula_format_emit_to_string, &data, limit, format, ap);
  if(string_size > 0) {
    size_t position = data.position >= string_size ? string_size - 1 : data.position;
    if(string_size && position < limit) {
      string[position] = 0;
    }
  }
  return result;
}

static inline int tabula_vsprintf(char *string, size_t string_size, const char *format, va_list ap) {
  return tabula_vsnprintf(string, string_size, (unsigned int)-1, format, ap);
}

static inline int tabula_vasprintf(char **string_ptr, const char *format, va_list ap_) {
  va_list ap;
  va_copy(ap, ap_);
  int result = tabula_vcprintf(format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  *string_ptr = malloc(result + 1);
  va_copy(ap, ap_);
  result = tabula_vsprintf(*string_ptr, result + 1, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return result;
}

TABULA_FORMAT_DECORATE(4, 5)
static inline int tabula_snprintf(char *string, size_t string_size, unsigned int limit, const char *format, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  int result = tabula_vsnprintf(string, string_size, limit, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return result;
}

TABULA_FORMAT_DECORATE(3, 4)
static inline int tabula_sprintf(char *string, size_t string_size, const char *format, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  int result = tabula_vsnprintf(string, string_size, (unsigned int)-1, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return result;
}

TABULA_FORMAT_DECORATE(2, 3)
static inline int tabula_asprintf(char **string_ptr, const char *format, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  int result = tabula_vasprintf(string_ptr, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return result;
}

TABULA_FORMAT_DECORATE(1, 2)
static inline int tabula_printf(const char *format, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  int result = tabula_vprintf(format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return result;
}

TABULA_FORMAT_DECORATE(1, 2)
static inline int tabula_cprintf(const char *format, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  int result = tabula_vcprintf(format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return result;
}

#if !TABULA_NO_REPLACEMENT_MACROS
#define printf(A, ...)   tabula_printf(A, ## __VA_ARGS__)
#define vprintf(A, B)    tabula_vprintf(A, B)
#define cprintf(A, ...)  tabula_cprintf(A, ## __VA_ARGS__)
#define vcprintf(A, B)   tabula_vcprintf(A, B)
#define sprintf(A, B, C, ...) tabula_sprintf(A, B, C, ## __VA_ARGS__)
#define vsprintf(A, B, C, D)  tabula_vsprintf(A, B, C, D)
#define snprintf(A, B, C, D, ...) tabula_snprintf(A, B, C, D, ## __VA_ARGS__)
#define vsnprintf(A, B, C, D, E)  tabula_vsnprintf(A, B, C, D, E)
#define asprintf(A, ...) tabula_asprintf(A, ## __VA_ARGS__)
#endif

#ifdef TABULA_IMPLEMENTATION
#define TABULA_CAT2(A, B) TABULA_CAT2_0(A, B)
#define TABULA_CAT2_0(A, B) TABULA_CAT2_1(A, B)
#define TABULA_CAT2_1(A, B) A##B

bool tabula_binary_search(const void *key, const void *ptr, size_t count, size_t size,
                          int (*comp)(const void *, const void *, void *ud), void *ud, const void **found,
                          size_t *not_found) {
  size_t low = 0;
  size_t high = count;
  ssize_t middle;
  while(high >= low && high <= count) {
    middle = (low + high) >> 1;
    const void *test = (uint8_t *)ptr + middle * size;
    int cmp = comp(key, test, ud);
    if(cmp == 0) {
      *found = test;
      return true;
    } else if(cmp > 0) {
      low = middle + 1;
    } else {
      high = middle - 1;
    }
  }
  *not_found = middle;
  return false;
}

static inline void tabula_quicksort_swap(uint8_t *a, uint8_t *b, size_t size) {
  while(size--) {
    uint8_t c = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = c;
    a++;
    b++;
  }
}

void tabula_quicksort(uint8_t *low, uint8_t *high, size_t size, int (*comp)(const void *, const void *, void *ud),
                      void *ud) {
  if(low >= high) {
    return;
  }

  size_t count = ((high - low) / size) + 1;

#define LESS_THAN_EQUAL(I, J) (comp(I, J, ud) <= 0)
#define SWAP(I, J) tabula_quicksort_swap(I, J, size)
#define SORT2(I, J)                                                                                                    \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if(LESS_THAN_EQUAL(J, I)) {                                                                                        \
      SWAP(I, J);                                                                                                      \
    }                                                                                                                  \
  } while(false)

  SORT2(low, high);
  if(count == 2) {
    return;
  }

  // find mid
  uint8_t *mid = low + ((high - low) / (size << 1)) * size;

  // make sure low < mid
  SORT2(low, mid);

  // if count 3, make sure low < mid < high then return
  if(count == 3) {
    SORT2(mid, high);
    return;
  }

  // start partiion
  // place in this order: low < high < mid (using position high as pivot)
  SORT2(high, mid);
  uint8_t *pivot = low - size;

  for(uint8_t *scan = low; scan < high; scan += size) {
    if(LESS_THAN_EQUAL(scan, high)) {
      pivot += size;
      SWAP(pivot, scan);
    }
  }
  pivot += size;
  SWAP(pivot, high);
  // done partition

  tabula_quicksort(low, pivot - size, size, comp, ud);
  tabula_quicksort(pivot + size, high, size, comp, ud);

#undef LESS_THAN_EQUAL
#undef SWAP
#undef SORT2
}

void tabula_qsort(void *ptr, size_t count, size_t size, int (*comp)(const void *, const void *, void *ud), void *ud) {
  tabula_quicksort((uint8_t *)ptr, (uint8_t *)ptr + (count - 1) * size, size, comp, ud);
}

static inline int tabula_format_is_digit(int c) { return (c >= '0') && (c <= '9') ? (c - '0') + 1 : 0; }

static inline intmax_t tabula_format_atoi(const char *restrict a, const char **restrict out_ptr) {
  intmax_t i = 0;
  intmax_t n = (*a == '-' ? (a++, -1) : *a == '+' ? (a++, 1) : 1);
  int c;
  while((c = tabula_format_is_digit(*a))) {
    i = i * 10 + (c - 1);
    a++;
  }
  if(out_ptr != NULL) {
    *out_ptr = a;
  }
  return n * i;
}

static inline uintmax_t tabula_format_atod(const char *restrict a, const char **restrict out_ptr) {
  uintmax_t i = 0;
  int c;
  while((c = tabula_format_is_digit(*a))) {
    i = i * 10 + (c - 1);
    a++;
  }
  if(out_ptr != NULL) {
    *out_ptr = a;
  }
  return i;
}

// TODO: make lazy atomic for read, seq for write
static enum tabula_format_null tabula_format_ptrnull = TABULA_FORMAT_HASHx_0;
static enum tabula_format_null tabula_format_strnull = TABULA_FORMAT_PARENTHESIS_null;

struct tabula_format_emit_partial {
  const char *ptr;
  unsigned int length;
};

struct tabula_format_emit_partial tabula_null_to_str[] = {[TABULA_FORMAT_HASHx_0] = {"0x0", 3},
                                                          [TABULA_FORMAT_HASHX_0] = {"0X0", 3},
                                                          [TABULA_FORMAT_PARENTHESIS_null] = {"(null)", 6},
                                                          [TABULA_FORMAT_PARENTHESIS_NULL] = {"(NULL)", 6}};

static inline enum tabula_format_null tabula_null_from_str(const char *s, enum tabula_format_null d) {
  if(!strcmp("0x0", s)) {
    return TABULA_FORMAT_HASHx_0;
  } else if(!strcmp("0X0", s)) {
    return TABULA_FORMAT_HASHX_0;
  } else if(!strcmp("(null)", s)) {
    return TABULA_FORMAT_PARENTHESIS_null;
  } else if(!strcmp("(NULL)", s)) {
    return TABULA_FORMAT_PARENTHESIS_NULL;
  }
  return d;
}

enum tabula_format_null tabula_format_get_ptrnull(void) { return tabula_format_ptrnull; }

enum tabula_format_null tabula_format_get_strnull(void) { return tabula_format_strnull; }

#undef snprintf

void tabula_format_set_ptrnull_from_system(void) {
  char buffer[64];
  snprintf(buffer, 64, "%p", NULL);
  tabula_format_ptrnull = tabula_null_from_str(buffer, TABULA_FORMAT_HASHx_0);
}

void tabula_format_set_strnull_from_system(void) {
  char buffer[64];
  snprintf(buffer, 64, "(null)");
  tabula_format_strnull = tabula_null_from_str(buffer, TABULA_FORMAT_PARENTHESIS_null);
}

#define snprintf tabula_snprintf

void tabula_format_set_ptrnull(enum tabula_format_null e) { tabula_format_ptrnull = e; }

void tabula_format_set_strnull(enum tabula_format_null e) { tabula_format_strnull = e; }

// format      = placeholder | !'%'
// placeholder = % parameter? flags? width? precision? length? type
// parameter   = digit+ '$'
// flags       = ('-' | '+' | ' ' | '0' | '\'' | '#')*
// width       = digit+
// precision   = '.' digit+
// length      = 'hh' | 'h' | 'l' | 'll' | 'L' | 'z' | 'j' | 't'
// type        = 'd' | 'i' | 'u' | ...
static const int32_t TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED = INT32_MIN;

enum tabula_format_length {
  tabula_format_undefined,
  tabula_format_hh,
  tabula_format_h,
  tabula_format_l,
  tabula_format_ll,
  tabula_format_L,
  tabula_format_z,
  tabula_format_j,
  tabula_format_t
};

enum tabula_format_datatype {
  tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer,
  tabula_format_datatype_signed_integer,
  tabula_format_datatype_character,
  tabula_format_datatype_double,
  tabula_format_datatype_pointer,
  tabula_format_datatype_string
};

enum tabula_format_style {
  tabula_format_style_escape = '%',
  tabula_format_style_signed_dec = 'i',
  tabula_format_style_unsigned_oct = 'o',
  tabula_format_style_unsigned_dec = 'u',
  tabula_format_style_unsigned_hex = 'x',
  tabula_format_style_unsigned_HEX = 'X',
  tabula_format_style_float_hex = 'a',
  tabula_format_style_float_HEX = 'A',
  tabula_format_style_float_fixed = 'f',
  tabula_format_style_float_FIXED = 'F',
  tabula_format_style_float_standard = 'e',
  tabula_format_style_float_STANDARD = 'E',
  tabula_format_style_float_auto = 'g',
  tabula_format_style_float_AUTO = 'G'
};

static unsigned int tabula_format_size_table[] = {
    // unsigned integer
    sizeof(int), sizeof(int), sizeof(int), sizeof(long), sizeof(long long), 0, sizeof(size_t), sizeof(intmax_t),
    sizeof(ptrdiff_t),
    // signed integer
    sizeof(int), sizeof(int), sizeof(int), sizeof(long), sizeof(long long), 0, sizeof(size_t), sizeof(intmax_t),
    sizeof(ptrdiff_t),
    // character
    sizeof(int), sizeof(int), sizeof(int), sizeof(long), sizeof(long long), 0, sizeof(size_t), sizeof(intmax_t),
    sizeof(ptrdiff_t),
    // double
    sizeof(double), 0, 0, 0, sizeof(double), sizeof(long double), 0, 0, 0,
    // pointer
    sizeof(void *), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    // string
    sizeof(const char *), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};

struct tabula_format_placeholder {
  uint8_t flag_minus : 1;
  uint8_t flag_plus : 1;
  uint8_t flag_space : 1;
  uint8_t flag_zero : 1;
  uint8_t flag_apostrophe : 1;
  uint8_t flag_hash : 1;
  uint8_t width_dynamic : 1;
  uint8_t precision_dynamic : 1;
  int32_t parameter;
  int32_t width;
  int32_t precision;
  enum tabula_format_length length;
  enum tabula_format_datatype datatype;
  enum tabula_format_style style;
};

#define TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER_BASE(NAME, TYPE, BASE, ALPHA)                                              \
  static uint8_t *NAME##_imprecise(uint8_t *end, TYPE value) {                                                         \
    do {                                                                                                               \
      TYPE d_value = value % BASE;                                                                                     \
      value /= BASE;                                                                                                   \
      *--end = ALPHA + d_value;                                                                                        \
    } while(value);                                                                                                    \
    return end;                                                                                                        \
  }                                                                                                                    \
  static uint8_t *NAME##_precise(uint8_t *end, TYPE value, int32_t precision) {                                        \
    while((precision > 0 ? (precision--, 1) : 0) || value) {                                                           \
      TYPE d_value = value % BASE;                                                                                     \
      value /= BASE;                                                                                                   \
      *--end = ALPHA + d_value;                                                                                        \
    }                                                                                                                  \
    return end;                                                                                                        \
  }                                                                                                                    \
  static uint8_t *NAME(uint8_t *end, TYPE value, int32_t precision) {                                                  \
    if(precision == TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {                                                                         \
      return NAME##_imprecise(end, value);                                                                             \
    } else {                                                                                                           \
      return NAME##_precise(end, value, precision);                                                                    \
    }                                                                                                                  \
  }

#define TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER(NAME, UNSIGNED_TYPE, SIGNED_TYPE)                                          \
  TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER_BASE(NAME##_oct, UNSIGNED_TYPE, 8, '0')                                          \
  TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER_BASE(NAME##_dec, UNSIGNED_TYPE, 10, '0')                                         \
  TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER_BASE(NAME##_hex, UNSIGNED_TYPE, 16, (d_value < 10 ? '0' : 'a' - 10))             \
  TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER_BASE(NAME##_HEX, UNSIGNED_TYPE, 16, (d_value < 10 ? '0' : 'A' - 10))             \
  static uint8_t *NAME(uint8_t *end, UNSIGNED_TYPE value, int32_t precision, enum tabula_format_style style) {         \
    if(style == tabula_format_style_unsigned_oct) {                                                                    \
      return NAME##_oct(end, value, precision);                                                                        \
    } else if(style == tabula_format_style_unsigned_dec) {                                                             \
      return NAME##_dec(end, value, precision);                                                                        \
    } else if(style == tabula_format_style_unsigned_hex) {                                                             \
      return NAME##_hex(end, value, precision);                                                                        \
    } else if(style == tabula_format_style_unsigned_HEX) {                                                             \
      return NAME##_HEX(end, value, precision);                                                                        \
    } else {                                                                                                           \
      /* invalid style */                                                                                              \
      assert("tabula_format_emit_intX_unsigned");                                                                      \
      return end;                                                                                                      \
    }                                                                                                                  \
  }                                                                                                                    \
  static uint32_t NAME##_prefix_count(UNSIGNED_TYPE value, bool f_hash, enum tabula_format_style style) {              \
    if(style == tabula_format_style_unsigned_oct && f_hash && value) {                                                 \
      return 1;                                                                                                        \
    } else if((style | ' ') == tabula_format_style_unsigned_hex && f_hash && value) {                                  \
      return 2;                                                                                                        \
    } else {                                                                                                           \
      return 0;                                                                                                        \
    }                                                                                                                  \
  }                                                                                                                    \
  static uint8_t *NAME##_prefix(uint8_t *end, UNSIGNED_TYPE value, bool f_hash, enum tabula_format_style style) {            \
    if(style == tabula_format_style_unsigned_oct && f_hash && value) {                                                 \
      *--end = '0';                                                                                                    \
    } else if(style == tabula_format_style_unsigned_hex && f_hash && value) {                                          \
      *--end = 'x';                                                                                                    \
      *--end = '0';                                                                                                    \
    } else if(style == tabula_format_style_unsigned_HEX && f_hash && value) {                                          \
      *--end = 'X';                                                                                                    \
      *--end = '0';                                                                                                    \
    }                                                                                                                  \
    return end;                                                                                                        \
  }

#define TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_SIGNED_INTEGER(NAME, UNSIGNED_TYPE, SIGNED_TYPE)                                            \
  TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER(NAME##_unsigned, UNSIGNED_TYPE, SIGNED_TYPE)                                     \
  static uint8_t *NAME(uint8_t *end, SIGNED_TYPE value, int32_t precision) {                                                 \
    if(value >= 0) {                                                                                                   \
      return NAME##_unsigned_dec(end, (UNSIGNED_TYPE)value, precision);                                                \
    } else {                                                                                                           \
      return NAME##_unsigned_dec(end, (UNSIGNED_TYPE)-value, precision);                                               \
    }                                                                                                                  \
    return end;                                                                                                        \
  }                                                                                                                    \
  static uint32_t NAME##_prefix_count(SIGNED_TYPE value, bool f_plus, bool f_space) {                                  \
    return (value < (SIGNED_TYPE)0) || f_plus || f_space ? 1 : 0;                                                      \
  }                                                                                                                    \
  static uint8_t *NAME##_prefix(uint8_t *end, SIGNED_TYPE value, bool f_plus, bool f_space) {                                \
    if(value >= 0) {                                                                                                   \
      if(f_plus) {                                                                                                     \
        *--end = '+';                                                                                                  \
      } else if(f_space) {                                                                                             \
        *--end = ' ';                                                                                                  \
      }                                                                                                                \
    } else {                                                                                                           \
      *--end = '-';                                                                                                    \
    }                                                                                                                  \
    return end;                                                                                                        \
  }

TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_SIGNED_INTEGER(tabula_format_emit_int32, uint32_t, int32_t)
TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT_SIGNED_INTEGER(tabula_format_emit_int64, uint64_t, int64_t)

// detour into dragonbox
typedef struct {
  uint64_t high;
  uint64_t low;
} tabula_db_u128;

#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__SIGNFICAND_BITS__binary64 52
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__EXPONENT_BITS__binary64 11
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__MIN_EXPONENT__binary64 -1022
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__BMAX_EXPONENT__binary64 1023
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__EXPONENT_BIAS__binary64 -1023
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__DECIMAL_DIGITS__binary64 17
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__EXPONENT_BITS_MASK__binary64 ((1 << TABULA_DB_BINARY64_EXPONENT_BITS) - 1)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__CACHE_MIN_K__binary64 -292
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__CACHE_MAX_K__binary64 326
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE__KAPPA__binary64 2

#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__SIGNFICAND_BITS__, TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_EXPONENT_BITS(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__EXPONENT_BITS__, TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_MIN_EXPONENT(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__MIN_EXPONENT__, TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_MAX_EXPONENT(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__MAX_EXPONENT__, TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_EXPONENT_BIAS(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__EXPONENT_BIAS__, TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_DECIMAL_DIGITS(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__DECIMAL_DIGITS__, TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_CACHE_MIN_K(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__CACHE_MIN_K__, TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_CACHE_MAX_K(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__CACHE_MAX_K__, TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_TYPE__KAPPA__, TYPE)

#define TABULA_DB_TYPE_EXPONENT_BITS_MASK(TYPE) ((1 << TABULA_DB_TYPE_EXPONENT_BITS(TYPE)) - 1)

static tabula_db_u128 tabula_db_get_binary64_cache(int k) {
  static const tabula_db_u128 data[] = {
      {0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7b}, {0x9faacf3df73609b1, 0x77b191618c54e9ad},
      {0xc795830d75038c1d, 0xd59df5b9ef6a2418}, {0xf97ae3d0d2446f25, 0x4b0573286b44ad1e},
      {0x9becce62836ac577, 0x4ee367f9430aec33}, {0xc2e801fb244576d5, 0x229c41f793cda740},
      {0xf3a20279ed56d48a, 0x6b43527578c11110}, {0x9845418c345644d6, 0x830a13896b78aaaa},
      {0xbe5691ef416bd60c, 0x23cc986bc656d554}, {0xedec366b11c6cb8f, 0x2cbfbe86b7ec8aa9},
      {0x94b3a202eb1c3f39, 0x7bf7d71432f3d6aa}, {0xb9e08a83a5e34f07, 0xdaf5ccd93fb0cc54},
      {0xe858ad248f5c22c9, 0xd1b3400f8f9cff69}, {0x91376c36d99995be, 0x23100809b9c21fa2},
      {0xb58547448ffffb2d, 0xabd40a0c2832a78b}, {0xe2e69915b3fff9f9, 0x16c90c8f323f516d},
      {0x8dd01fad907ffc3b, 0xae3da7d97f6792e4}, {0xb1442798f49ffb4a, 0x99cd11cfdf41779d},
      {0xdd95317f31c7fa1d, 0x40405643d711d584}, {0x8a7d3eef7f1cfc52, 0x482835ea666b2573},
      {0xad1c8eab5ee43b66, 0xda3243650005eed0}, {0xd863b256369d4a40, 0x90bed43e40076a83},
      {0x873e4f75e2224e68, 0x5a7744a6e804a292}, {0xa90de3535aaae202, 0x711515d0a205cb37},
      {0xd3515c2831559a83, 0x0d5a5b44ca873e04}, {0x8412d9991ed58091, 0xe858790afe9486c3},
      {0xa5178fff668ae0b6, 0x626e974dbe39a873}, {0xce5d73ff402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d212dc81290},
      {0x80fa687f881c7f8e, 0x7ce66634bc9d0b9a}, {0xa139029f6a239f72, 0x1c1fffc1ebc44e81},
      {0xc987434744ac874e, 0xa327ffb266b56221}, {0xfbe9141915d7a922, 0x4bf1ff9f0062baa9},
      {0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5, 0x6f773fc3603db4aa}, {0xc4ce17b399107c22, 0xcb550fb4384d21d4},
      {0xf6019da07f549b2b, 0x7e2a53a146606a49}, {0x99c102844f94e0fb, 0x2eda7444cbfc426e},
      {0xc0314325637a1939, 0xfa911155fefb5309}, {0xf03d93eebc589f88, 0x793555ab7eba27cb},
      {0x96267c7535b763b5, 0x4bc1558b2f3458df}, {0xbbb01b9283253ca2, 0x9eb1aaedfb016f17},
      {0xea9c227723ee8bcb, 0x465e15a979c1cadd}, {0x92a1958a7675175f, 0x0bfacd89ec191eca},
      {0xb749faed14125d36, 0xcef980ec671f667c}, {0xe51c79a85916f484, 0x82b7e12780e7401b},
      {0x8f31cc0937ae58d2, 0xd1b2ecb8b0908811}, {0xb2fe3f0b8599ef07, 0x861fa7e6dcb4aa16},
      {0xdfbdcece67006ac9, 0x67a791e093e1d49b}, {0x8bd6a141006042bd, 0xe0c8bb2c5c6d24e1},
      {0xaecc49914078536d, 0x58fae9f773886e19}, {0xda7f5bf590966848, 0xaf39a475506a899f},
      {0x888f99797a5e012d, 0x6d8406c952429604}, {0xaab37fd7d8f58178, 0xc8e5087ba6d33b84},
      {0xd5605fcdcf32e1d6, 0xfb1e4a9a90880a65}, {0x855c3be0a17fcd26, 0x5cf2eea09a550680},
      {0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06f, 0xf42faa48c0ea481f}, {0xd0601d8efc57b08b, 0xf13b94daf124da27},
      {0x823c12795db6ce57, 0x76c53d08d6b70859}, {0xa2cb1717b52481ed, 0x54768c4b0c64ca6f},
      {0xcb7ddcdda26da268, 0xa9942f5dcf7dfd0a}, {0xfe5d54150b090b02, 0xd3f93b35435d7c4d},
      {0x9efa548d26e5a6e1, 0xc47bc5014a1a6db0}, {0xc6b8e9b0709f109a, 0x359ab6419ca1091c},
      {0xf867241c8cc6d4c0, 0xc30163d203c94b63}, {0x9b407691d7fc44f8, 0x79e0de63425dcf1e},
      {0xc21094364dfb5636, 0x985915fc12f542e5}, {0xf294b943e17a2bc4, 0x3e6f5b7b17b2939e},
      {0x979cf3ca6cec5b5a, 0xa705992ceecf9c43}, {0xbd8430bd08277231, 0x50c6ff782a838354},
      {0xece53cec4a314ebd, 0xa4f8bf5635246429}, {0x940f4613ae5ed136, 0x871b7795e136be9a},
      {0xb913179899f68584, 0x28e2557b59846e40}, {0xe757dd7ec07426e5, 0x331aeada2fe589d0},
      {0x9096ea6f3848984f, 0x3ff0d2c85def7622}, {0xb4bca50b065abe63, 0x0fed077a756b53aa},
      {0xe1ebce4dc7f16dfb, 0xd3e8495912c62895}, {0x8d3360f09cf6e4bd, 0x64712dd7abbbd95d},
      {0xb080392cc4349dec, 0xbd8d794d96aacfb4}, {0xdca04777f541c567, 0xecf0d7a0fc5583a1},
      {0x89e42caaf9491b60, 0xf41686c49db57245}, {0xac5d37d5b79b6239, 0x311c2875c522ced6},
      {0xd77485cb25823ac7, 0x7d633293366b828c}, {0x86a8d39ef77164bc, 0xae5dff9c02033198},
      {0xa8530886b54dbdeb, 0xd9f57f830283fdfd}, {0xd267caa862a12d66, 0xd072df63c324fd7c},
      {0x8380dea93da4bc60, 0x4247cb9e59f71e6e}, {0xa46116538d0deb78, 0x52d9be85f074e609},
      {0xcd795be870516656, 0x67902e276c921f8c}, {0x806bd9714632dff6, 0x00ba1cd8a3db53b7},
      {0xa086cfcd97bf97f3, 0x80e8a40eccd228a5}, {0xc8a883c0fdaf7df0, 0x6122cd128006b2ce},
      {0xfad2a4b13d1b5d6c, 0x796b805720085f82}, {0x9cc3a6eec6311a63, 0xcbe3303674053bb1},
      {0xc3f490aa77bd60fc, 0xbedbfc4411068a9d}, {0xf4f1b4d515acb93b, 0xee92fb5515482d45},
      {0x991711052d8bf3c5, 0x751bdd152d4d1c4b}, {0xbf5cd54678eef0b6, 0xd262d45a78a0635e},
      {0xef340a98172aace4, 0x86fb897116c87c35}, {0x9580869f0e7aac0e, 0xd45d35e6ae3d4da1},
      {0xbae0a846d2195712, 0x8974836059cca10a}, {0xe998d258869facd7, 0x2bd1a438703fc94c},
      {0x91ff83775423cc06, 0x7b6306a34627ddd0}, {0xb67f6455292cbf08, 0x1a3bc84c17b1d543},
      {0xe41f3d6a7377eeca, 0x20caba5f1d9e4a94}, {0x8e938662882af53e, 0x547eb47b7282ee9d},
      {0xb23867fb2a35b28d, 0xe99e619a4f23aa44}, {0xdec681f9f4c31f31, 0x6405fa00e2ec94d5},
      {0x8b3c113c38f9f37e, 0xde83bc408dd3dd05}, {0xae0b158b4738705e, 0x9624ab50b148d446},
      {0xd98ddaee19068c76, 0x3badd624dd9b0958}, {0x87f8a8d4cfa417c9, 0xe54ca5d70a80e5d7},
      {0xa9f6d30a038d1dbc, 0x5e9fcf4ccd211f4d}, {0xd47487cc8470652b, 0x7647c32000696720},
      {0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3b, 0x29ecd9f40041e074}, {0xa5fb0a17c777cf09, 0xf468107100525891},
      {0xcf79cc9db955c2cc, 0x7182148d4066eeb5}, {0x81ac1fe293d599bf, 0xc6f14cd848405531},
      {0xa21727db38cb002f, 0xb8ada00e5a506a7d}, {0xca9cf1d206fdc03b, 0xa6d90811f0e4851d},
      {0xfd442e4688bd304a, 0x908f4a166d1da664}, {0x9e4a9cec15763e2e, 0x9a598e4e043287ff},
      {0xc5dd44271ad3cdba, 0x40eff1e1853f29fe}, {0xf7549530e188c128, 0xd12bee59e68ef47d},
      {0x9a94dd3e8cf578b9, 0x82bb74f8301958cf}, {0xc13a148e3032d6e7, 0xe36a52363c1faf02},
      {0xf18899b1bc3f8ca1, 0xdc44e6c3cb279ac2}, {0x96f5600f15a7b7e5, 0x29ab103a5ef8c0ba},
      {0xbcb2b812db11a5de, 0x7415d448f6b6f0e8}, {0xebdf661791d60f56, 0x111b495b3464ad22},
      {0x936b9fcebb25c995, 0xcab10dd900beec35}, {0xb84687c269ef3bfb, 0x3d5d514f40eea743},
      {0xe65829b3046b0afa, 0x0cb4a5a3112a5113}, {0x8ff71a0fe2c2e6dc, 0x47f0e785eaba72ac},
      {0xb3f4e093db73a093, 0x59ed216765690f57}, {0xe0f218b8d25088b8, 0x306869c13ec3532d},
      {0x8c974f7383725573, 0x1e414218c73a13fc}, {0xafbd2350644eeacf, 0xe5d1929ef90898fb},
      {0xdbac6c247d62a583, 0xdf45f746b74abf3a}, {0x894bc396ce5da772, 0x6b8bba8c328eb784},
      {0xab9eb47c81f5114f, 0x066ea92f3f326565}, {0xd686619ba27255a2, 0xc80a537b0efefebe},
      {0x8613fd0145877585, 0xbd06742ce95f5f37}, {0xa798fc4196e952e7, 0x2c48113823b73705},
      {0xd17f3b51fca3a7a0, 0xf75a15862ca504c6}, {0x82ef85133de648c4, 0x9a984d73dbe722fc},
      {0xa3ab66580d5fdaf5, 0xc13e60d0d2e0ebbb}, {0xcc963fee10b7d1b3, 0x318df905079926a9},
      {0xffbbcfe994e5c61f, 0xfdf17746497f7053}, {0x9fd561f1fd0f9bd3, 0xfeb6ea8bedefa634},
      {0xc7caba6e7c5382c8, 0xfe64a52ee96b8fc1}, {0xf9bd690a1b68637b, 0x3dfdce7aa3c673b1},
      {0x9c1661a651213e2d, 0x06bea10ca65c084f}, {0xc31bfa0fe5698db8, 0x486e494fcff30a63},
      {0xf3e2f893dec3f126, 0x5a89dba3c3efccfb}, {0x986ddb5c6b3a76b7, 0xf89629465a75e01d},
      {0xbe89523386091465, 0xf6bbb397f1135824}, {0xee2ba6c0678b597f, 0x746aa07ded582e2d},
      {0x94db483840b717ef, 0xa8c2a44eb4571cdd}, {0xba121a4650e4ddeb, 0x92f34d62616ce414},
      {0xe896a0d7e51e1566, 0x77b020baf9c81d18}, {0x915e2486ef32cd60, 0x0ace1474dc1d122f},
      {0xb5b5ada8aaff80b8, 0x0d819992132456bb}, {0xe3231912d5bf60e6, 0x10e1fff697ed6c6a},
      {0x8df5efabc5979c8f, 0xca8d3ffa1ef463c2}, {0xb1736b96b6fd83b3, 0xbd308ff8a6b17cb3},
      {0xddd0467c64bce4a0, 0xac7cb3f6d05ddbdf}, {0x8aa22c0dbef60ee4, 0x6bcdf07a423aa96c},
      {0xad4ab7112eb3929d, 0x86c16c98d2c953c7}, {0xd89d64d57a607744, 0xe871c7bf077ba8b8},
      {0x87625f056c7c4a8b, 0x11471cd764ad4973}, {0xa93af6c6c79b5d2d, 0xd598e40d3dd89bd0},
      {0xd389b47879823479, 0x4aff1d108d4ec2c4}, {0x843610cb4bf160cb, 0xcedf722a585139bb},
      {0xa54394fe1eedb8fe, 0xc2974eb4ee658829}, {0xce947a3da6a9273e, 0x733d226229feea33},
      {0x811ccc668829b887, 0x0806357d5a3f5260}, {0xa163ff802a3426a8, 0xca07c2dcb0cf26f8},
      {0xc9bcff6034c13052, 0xfc89b393dd02f0b6}, {0xfc2c3f3841f17c67, 0xbbac2078d443ace3},
      {0x9d9ba7832936edc0, 0xd54b944b84aa4c0e}, {0xc5029163f384a931, 0x0a9e795e65d4df12},
      {0xf64335bcf065d37d, 0x4d4617b5ff4a16d6}, {0x99ea0196163fa42e, 0x504bced1bf8e4e46},
      {0xc06481fb9bcf8d39, 0xe45ec2862f71e1d7}, {0xf07da27a82c37088, 0x5d767327bb4e5a4d},
      {0x964e858c91ba2655, 0x3a6a07f8d510f870}, {0xbbe226efb628afea, 0x890489f70a55368c},
      {0xeadab0aba3b2dbe5, 0x2b45ac74ccea842f}, {0x92c8ae6b464fc96f, 0x3b0b8bc90012929e},
      {0xb77ada0617e3bbcb, 0x09ce6ebb40173745}, {0xe55990879ddcaabd, 0xcc420a6a101d0516},
      {0x8f57fa54c2a9eab6, 0x9fa946824a12232e}, {0xb32df8e9f3546564, 0x47939822dc96abfa},
      {0xdff9772470297ebd, 0x59787e2b93bc56f8}, {0x8bfbea76c619ef36, 0x57eb4edb3c55b65b},
      {0xaefae51477a06b03, 0xede622920b6b23f2}, {0xdab99e59958885c4, 0xe95fab368e45ecee},
      {0x88b402f7fd75539b, 0x11dbcb0218ebb415}, {0xaae103b5fcd2a881, 0xd652bdc29f26a11a},
      {0xd59944a37c0752a2, 0x4be76d3346f04960}, {0x857fcae62d8493a5, 0x6f70a4400c562ddc},
      {0xa6dfbd9fb8e5b88e, 0xcb4ccd500f6bb953}, {0xd097ad07a71f26b2, 0x7e2000a41346a7a8},
      {0x825ecc24c873782f, 0x8ed400668c0c28c9}, {0xa2f67f2dfa90563b, 0x728900802f0f32fb},
      {0xcbb41ef979346bca, 0x4f2b40a03ad2ffba}, {0xfea126b7d78186bc, 0xe2f610c84987bfa9},
      {0x9f24b832e6b0f436, 0x0dd9ca7d2df4d7ca}, {0xc6ede63fa05d3143, 0x91503d1c79720dbc},
      {0xf8a95fcf88747d94, 0x75a44c6397ce912b}, {0x9b69dbe1b548ce7c, 0xc986afbe3ee11abb},
      {0xc24452da229b021b, 0xfbe85badce996169}, {0xf2d56790ab41c2a2, 0xfae27299423fb9c4},
      {0x97c560ba6b0919a5, 0xdccd879fc967d41b}, {0xbdb6b8e905cb600f, 0x5400e987bbc1c921},
      {0xed246723473e3813, 0x290123e9aab23b69}, {0x9436c0760c86e30b, 0xf9a0b6720aaf6522},
      {0xb94470938fa89bce, 0xf808e40e8d5b3e6a}, {0xe7958cb87392c2c2, 0xb60b1d1230b20e05},
      {0x90bd77f3483bb9b9, 0xb1c6f22b5e6f48c3}, {0xb4ecd5f01a4aa828, 0x1e38aeb6360b1af4},
      {0xe2280b6c20dd5232, 0x25c6da63c38de1b1}, {0x8d590723948a535f, 0x579c487e5a38ad0f},
      {0xb0af48ec79ace837, 0x2d835a9df0c6d852}, {0xdcdb1b2798182244, 0xf8e431456cf88e66},
      {0x8a08f0f8bf0f156b, 0x1b8e9ecb641b5900}, {0xac8b2d36eed2dac5, 0xe272467e3d222f40},
      {0xd7adf884aa879177, 0x5b0ed81dcc6abb10}, {0x86ccbb52ea94baea, 0x98e947129fc2b4ea},
      {0xa87fea27a539e9a5, 0x3f2398d747b36225}, {0xd29fe4b18e88640e, 0x8eec7f0d19a03aae},
      {0x83a3eeeef9153e89, 0x1953cf68300424ad}, {0xa48ceaaab75a8e2b, 0x5fa8c3423c052dd8},
      {0xcdb02555653131b6, 0x3792f412cb06794e}, {0x808e17555f3ebf11, 0xe2bbd88bbee40bd1},
      {0xa0b19d2ab70e6ed6, 0x5b6aceaeae9d0ec5}, {0xc8de047564d20a8b, 0xf245825a5a445276},
      {0xfb158592be068d2e, 0xeed6e2f0f0d56713}, {0x9ced737bb6c4183d, 0x55464dd69685606c},
      {0xc428d05aa4751e4c, 0xaa97e14c3c26b887}, {0xf53304714d9265df, 0xd53dd99f4b3066a9},
      {0x993fe2c6d07b7fab, 0xe546a8038efe402a}, {0xbf8fdb78849a5f96, 0xde98520472bdd034},
      {0xef73d256a5c0f77c, 0x963e66858f6d4441}, {0x95a8637627989aad, 0xdde7001379a44aa9},
      {0xbb127c53b17ec159, 0x5560c018580d5d53}, {0xe9d71b689dde71af, 0xaab8f01e6e10b4a7},
      {0x9226712162ab070d, 0xcab3961304ca70e9}, {0xb6b00d69bb55c8d1, 0x3d607b97c5fd0d23},
      {0xe45c10c42a2b3b05, 0x8cb89a7db77c506b}, {0x8eb98a7a9a5b04e3, 0x77f3608e92adb243},
      {0xb267ed1940f1c61c, 0x55f038b237591ed4}, {0xdf01e85f912e37a3, 0x6b6c46dec52f6689},
      {0x8b61313bbabce2c6, 0x2323ac4b3b3da016}, {0xae397d8aa96c1b77, 0xabec975e0a0d081b},
      {0xd9c7dced53c72255, 0x96e7bd358c904a22}, {0x881cea14545c7575, 0x7e50d64177da2e55},
      {0xaa242499697392d2, 0xdde50bd1d5d0b9ea}, {0xd4ad2dbfc3d07787, 0x955e4ec64b44e865},
      {0x84ec3c97da624ab4, 0xbd5af13bef0b113f}, {0xa6274bbdd0fadd61, 0xecb1ad8aeacdd58f},
      {0xcfb11ead453994ba, 0x67de18eda5814af3}, {0x81ceb32c4b43fcf4, 0x80eacf948770ced8},
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      {0xe7109bfba19c0c9d, 0x0cc512670a783ad5}, {0x906a617d450187e2, 0x27fb2b80668b24c6},
      {0xb484f9dc9641e9da, 0xb1f9f660802dedf7}, {0xe1a63853bbd26451, 0x5e7873f8a0396974},
      {0x8d07e33455637eb2, 0xdb0b487b6423e1e9}, {0xb049dc016abc5e5f, 0x91ce1a9a3d2cda63},
      {0xdc5c5301c56b75f7, 0x7641a140cc7810fc}, {0x89b9b3e11b6329ba, 0xa9e904c87fcb0a9e},
      {0xac2820d9623bf429, 0x546345fa9fbdcd45}, {0xd732290fbacaf133, 0xa97c177947ad4096},
      {0x867f59a9d4bed6c0, 0x49ed8eabcccc485e}, {0xa81f301449ee8c70, 0x5c68f256bfff5a75},
      {0xd226fc195c6a2f8c, 0x73832eec6fff3112}, {0x83585d8fd9c25db7, 0xc831fd53c5ff7eac},
      {0xa42e74f3d032f525, 0xba3e7ca8b77f5e56}, {0xcd3a1230c43fb26f, 0x28ce1bd2e55f35ec},
      {0x80444b5e7aa7cf85, 0x7980d163cf5b81b4}, {0xa0555e361951c366, 0xd7e105bcc3326220},
      {0xc86ab5c39fa63440, 0x8dd9472bf3fefaa8}, {0xfa856334878fc150, 0xb14f98f6f0feb952},
      {0x9c935e00d4b9d8d2, 0x6ed1bf9a569f33d4}, {0xc3b8358109e84f07, 0x0a862f80ec4700c9},
      {0xf4a642e14c6262c8, 0xcd27bb612758c0fb}, {0x98e7e9cccfbd7dbd, 0x8038d51cb897789d},
      {0xbf21e44003acdd2c, 0xe0470a63e6bd56c4}, {0xeeea5d5004981478, 0x1858ccfce06cac75},
      {0x95527a5202df0ccb, 0x0f37801e0c43ebc9}, {0xbaa718e68396cffd, 0xd30560258f54e6bb},
      {0xe950df20247c83fd, 0x47c6b82ef32a206a}, {0x91d28b7416cdd27e, 0x4cdc331d57fa5442},
      {0xb6472e511c81471d, 0xe0133fe4adf8e953}, {0xe3d8f9e563a198e5, 0x58180fddd97723a7},
      {0x8e679c2f5e44ff8f, 0x570f09eaa7ea7649}, {0xb201833b35d63f73, 0x2cd2cc6551e513db},
      {0xde81e40a034bcf4f, 0xf8077f7ea65e58d2}, {0x8b112e86420f6191, 0xfb04afaf27faf783},
      {0xadd57a27d29339f6, 0x79c5db9af1f9b564}, {0xd94ad8b1c7380874, 0x18375281ae7822bd},
      {0x87cec76f1c830548, 0x8f2293910d0b15b6}, {0xa9c2794ae3a3c69a, 0xb2eb3875504ddb23},
      {0xd433179d9c8cb841, 0x5fa60692a46151ec}, {0x849feec281d7f328, 0xdbc7c41ba6bcd334},
      {0xa5c7ea73224deff3, 0x12b9b522906c0801}, {0xcf39e50feae16bef, 0xd768226b34870a01},
      {0x81842f29f2cce375, 0xe6a1158300d46641}, {0xa1e53af46f801c53, 0x60495ae3c1097fd1},
      {0xca5e89b18b602368, 0x385bb19cb14bdfc5}, {0xfcf62c1dee382c42, 0x46729e03dd9ed7b6},
      {0x9e19db92b4e31ba9, 0x6c07a2c26a8346d2}, {0xc5a05277621be293, 0xc7098b7305241886},
      {0xf70867153aa2db38, 0xb8cbee4fc66d1ea8}};
  return data[k - TABULA_DB_TYPE__CACHE_MIN_K__binary64];
}

#define tabula_db_floor_util(MULTIPLY, SUBTRACT, SHIFT, MIN_EXPONENT, MAX_EXPONENT, e)                                 \
  (int)(((int32_t)(e) * (int32_t)(MULTIPLY) - (int32_t)(SUBTRACT)) >> (size_t)(SHIFT))

#define tabula_db_compute_power(OUT, K, TYPE, A)                                                                       \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    TYPE a_ = A;                                                                                                       \
    OUT = 1;                                                                                                           \
    for(int i = 0; i < K; i++) {                                                                                       \
      OUT *= a_;                                                                                                       \
    }                                                                                                                  \
  } while(false)

#define tabula_db_count_factors(OUT, A, TYPE, N)                                                                       \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    TYPE n_ = (TYPE)N;                                                                                                 \
    OUT = 0;                                                                                                           \
    while((n_ % A) == 0) {                                                                                             \
      n_ /= A;                                                                                                         \
      OUT++;                                                                                                           \
    }                                                                                                                  \
  } while(false)

#define tabula_db_floor_log2(OUT, TYPE, N)                                                                             \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    TYPE n_ = N;                                                                                                       \
    OUT = -1;                                                                                                          \
    while(n_ != 0) {                                                                                                   \
      ++OUT;                                                                                                           \
      n_ >>= 1;                                                                                                        \
    }                                                                                                                  \
  } while(false)

#define tabula_db_floor_log10_pow2(e) tabula_db_floor_util(315653, 0, 20, -2620, 2620, e)
#define tabula_db_floor_log2_pow10(e) tabula_db_floor_util(1741647, 0, 19, -1233, 1233, e)
#define tabula_db_floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(e) tabula_db_floor_util(315653, 0, 20, -2620, 2620, e)
#define tabula_db_floor_log5_pow2(e) tabula_db_floor_util(225799, 0, 19, -1831, 1831, e)
#define tabula_db_floor_log5_pow2_minus_log5_3(e) tabula_db_floor_util(451597, 715764, 20, -3543, 2427, e)

#define tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(OUT, A, B) (OUT = ((A) * (uint64_t)(B)))
#define tabula_db_mul_u64_u64(OUT, A, B)                                                                               \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    uint32_t a_ = (uint32_t)((A) >> 32);                                                                               \
    uint32_t b_ = (uint32_t)(A);                                                                                       \
    uint32_t c_ = (uint32_t)((B) >> 32);                                                                               \
    uint32_t d_ = (uint32_t)((B));                                                                                     \
    uint64_t ac_, bc_, ad_, bd_;                                                                                       \
    tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(ac_, a_, c_);                                                                                \
    tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(bc_, b_, c_);                                                                                \
    tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(ad_, a_, d_);                                                                                \
    tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(bd_, b_, d_);                                                                                \
    uint64_t intermediate_ = (bd_ >> 32) + (uint32_t)(ad_) + (uint32_t)(bc_);                                          \
    OUT.high = ac_ + (intermediate_ >> 32) + (ad_ >> 32) + (bc_ >> 32);                                                \
    OUT.low = (intermediate_ << 32) + (uint32_t)(bd_);                                                                 \
  } while(false)
#define tabula_db_mul_u64_u64_upper64(OUT, A, B)                                                                       \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    uint32_t a_ = (uint32_t)((A) >> 32);                                                                               \
    uint32_t b_ = (uint32_t)(A);                                                                                       \
    uint32_t c_ = (uint32_t)((B) >> 32);                                                                               \
    uint32_t d_ = (uint32_t)((B));                                                                                     \
    uint64_t ac_, bc_, ad_, bd_;                                                                                       \
    tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(ac_, a_, c_);                                                                                \
    tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(bc_, b_, c_);                                                                                \
    tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(ad_, a_, d_);                                                                                \
    tabula_db_mul_u32_u32(bd_, b_, d_);                                                                                \
    uint64_t intermediate_ = (bd_ >> 32) + (uint32_t)(ad_) + (uint32_t)(bc_);                                          \
    OUT = ac_ + (intermediate_ >> 32) + (ad_ >> 32) + (bc_ >> 32);                                                     \
  } while(false)
#define tabula_db_add_u128_u64(OUT, A, B)                                                                              \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    OUT.high = A.high + (A.low + B < A.low ? 1 : 0);                                                                   \
    OUT.low = A.low + B;                                                                                               \
  } while(false)
#define tabula_db_mul_u64_u128_upper128(OUT, A, B)                                                                     \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    tabula_db_mul_u64_u64(OUT, A, B.high);                                                                             \
    uint64_t tabula_db_mul_u64_u128_upper128_temp_;                                                                    \
    tabula_db_mul_u64_u64_upper64(tabula_db_mul_u64_u128_upper128_temp_, A, B.low);                                    \
    tabula_db_add_u128_u64(OUT, OUT, tabula_db_mul_u64_u128_upper128_temp_);                                           \
  } while(false)
#define tabula_db_mul_u64_u128_lower128(OUT, A, B)                                                                     \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    tabula_db_mul_u64_u64(OUT, A, B.low);                                                                              \
    OUT.high += A * B.high;                                                                                            \
  } while(false)

#define tabula_db_divide_by_pow10(OUT, N, TYPE, MAX, n)                                                                \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    TYPE divisor_;                                                                                                     \
    tabula_db_compute_power(divisor_, N, TYPE, 10);                                                                    \
    OUT = n / divisor_;                                                                                                \
  } while(false)

#define TABULA_DB_DIVINFO__MAGIC_NUMBER__2 656
#define TABULA_DB_DIVINFO__SHIFT_AMOUNT__2 16

#define tabula_db_check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(OUT1, N, n)                                                   \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    static uint32_t magic_number_ = TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_DIVINFO__MAGIC_NUMBER__, N);                                 \
    static uint32_t shift_amount_ = TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_DIVINFO__SHIFT_AMOUNT__, N);                                 \
    n *= magic_number_;                                                                                                \
    OUT1 = (n & (((uint32_t)1 << shift_amount_) - 1)) < magic_number_;                                                 \
    n >>= shift_amount_;                                                                                               \
  } while(false)

#define tabula_db_small_division_by_pow10(N, n)                                                                        \
  (((n)*TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_DIVINFO__MAGIC_NUMBER__, N)) >> TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB_DIVINFO__SHIFT_AMOUNT__, N))

static uint32_t tabula_db_bits_rotr__uint32_t(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) {
  b &= 31;
  return (a >> b) | (a << (32 - b));
}

static uint64_t tabula_db_bits_rotr__uint64_t(uint64_t a, uint64_t b) {
  b &= 63;
  return (a >> b) | (a << (64 - b));
}

static int tabula_db_remove_trailing_zeros__binary64(uint64_t n, uint64_t *out_n) {
  /* ceil(2^90 / 10^8) */
  static uint64_t magic_number_ = 12379400392853802749ull;
  tabula_db_u128 nm_;
  tabula_db_mul_u64_u64(nm_, n, magic_number_);
  int s_;
  if((nm_.high & (((uint64_t)1 << (90 - 64)) - 1)) == 0 && nm_.low < magic_number_) {
    uint32_t q_;
    uint32_t n32_ = (uint32_t)(nm_.high >> (90 - 64));
    uint32_t mod_inv_5_ = 0xCCCCCCCD;
    uint32_t mod_inv_25_ = mod_inv_5_ * mod_inv_5_;
    s_ = 8;
    for(;;) {
      q_ = tabula_db_bits_rotr__uint32_t(n32_ * mod_inv_25_, 2);
      if(q_ && q_ <= UINT32_MAX / 100) {
        n32_ = q_;
        s_ += 2;
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }
    q_ = tabula_db_bits_rotr__uint32_t(n32_ * mod_inv_5_, 1);
    if(q_ <= UINT32_MAX / 100) {
      n32_ = q_;
      s_ |= 1;
    }
    *out_n = n32_;
    return s_;
  } else {
    uint64_t mod_inv_5_ = 0xCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD;
    uint64_t mod_inv_25_ = mod_inv_5_ * mod_inv_5_;
    uint64_t q_;
    s_ = 0;
    for(;;) {
      q_ = tabula_db_bits_rotr__uint64_t(n * mod_inv_25_, 2);
      if(q_ && q_ <= UINT64_MAX / 100) {
        n = q_;
        s_ += 2;
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }
    q_ = tabula_db_bits_rotr__uint64_t(n * mod_inv_5_, 1);
    if(q_ <= UINT64_MAX / 100) {
      n = q_;
      s_ |= 1;
    }
    *out_n = n;
    return s_;
  }
}
#define tabula_db_remove_trailing_zeros(OUT, TYPE, N)                                                                  \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    OUT = TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_remove_trailing_zeros__, TYPE)(N, &N);                                                 \
  } while(false)

#define tabula_db_compute_mul__binary64(OUT1, OUT2, TYPE, U, CACHE)                                                    \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    tabula_db_u128 r_;                                                                                                 \
    tabula_db_mul_u64_u128_upper128(r_, U, CACHE);                                                                     \
    OUT1 = r_.high;                                                                                                    \
    OUT2 = r_.low == 0;                                                                                                \
  } while(false)
#define tabula_db_compute_mul(OUT1, OUT2, TYPE, U, CACHE)                                                              \
  TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_compute_mul__, TYPE)(OUT1, OUT2, TYPE, U, CACHE)

#define tabula_db_compute_delta__binary64(TYPE, CACHE, BETA) ((uint32_t)(CACHE.high >> (128 - 1 - BETA)))
#define tabula_db_compute_delta(TYPE, CACHE, BETA) TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_compute_delta__, TYPE)(TYPE, CACHE, BETA)

#define tabula_db_compute_mul_parity__binary64(OUT1, OUT2, TYPE, TWO_F, CACHE, BETA)                                   \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    tabula_db_u128 r_;                                                                                                 \
    tabula_db_mul_u64_u128_lower128(r_, TWO_F, CACHE);                                                                 \
    OUT1 = ((r_.high >> (64 - BETA)) & 1) != 0;                                                                        \
    OUT2 = ((r_.high << BETA) | (r_.low >> (64 - BETA))) == 0;                                                         \
  } while(false)
#define tabula_db_compute_mul_parity(OUT1, OUT2, TYPE, TWO_F, CACHE, BETA)                                             \
  TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_compute_mul_parity__, TYPE)(OUT1, OUT2, TYPE, TWO_F, CACHE, BETA)

#define tabula_db_compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case__binary64(TYPE, CACHE, BETA)                         \
  (CACHE.high - (CACHE.high >> (TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) + 2))) >>                                         \
      (128 - TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) - 1 - BETA)
#define tabula_db_compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(TYPE, CACHE, BETA)                                   \
  TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case__, TYPE)                                       \
  (TYPE, CACHE, BETA)

#define tabula_db_compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case__binary64(TYPE, CACHE, BETA)                        \
  (CACHE.high - (CACHE.high >> (TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) + 1))) >>                                         \
      (128 - TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) - 1 - BETA)
#define tabula_db_compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(TYPE, CACHE, BETA)                                  \
  TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case__, TYPE)                                      \
  (TYPE, CACHE, BETA)

#define tabula_db_compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case__binary64(TYPE, CACHE, BETA)                              \
  (CACHE.high - (CACHE.high >> (TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) + 1))) >>                                         \
      (128 - TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) - 1 - BETA)
#define tabula_db_compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(TYPE, CACHE, BETA)                                        \
  TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case__, TYPE)                                      \
  (TYPE, CACHE, BETA)

static bool tabula_db_is_right_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval__binary64(int exponent) {
  static int case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_lower_threshold = 0;
  static int case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_upper_threshold = 0;
  if(case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_upper_threshold == 0) {
    int factor, power;
    tabula_db_count_factors(factor, 5, int, ((uint64_t)(1) << (TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(binary64) + 2)) - 1);
    factor += 1;
    tabula_db_compute_power(power, factor, int, 10);
    power /= 3;
    tabula_db_floor_log2(case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_upper_threshold, int, power);
    case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_upper_threshold += 2;
  }
  return exponent >= case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_lower_threshold &&
         exponent <= case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_upper_threshold;
}
#define tabula_db_is_right_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(TYPE, exponent)                                           \
  TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_is_right_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval__, TYPE)                                            \
  (exponent)

static bool tabula_db_is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval__binary64(int exponent) {
  static int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold = 2;
  static int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold = 0;
  if(case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold == 0) {
    int factor, power;
    tabula_db_count_factors(factor, 5, int, ((uint64_t)(1) << (TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(binary64) + 2)) - 1);
    factor += 1;
    tabula_db_compute_power(power, factor, int, 10);
    power /= 3;
    tabula_db_floor_log2(case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold, int, power);
    case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold += 2;
  }
  return exponent >= case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold &&
         exponent <= case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold;
}
#define tabula_db_is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(TYPE, exponent)                                            \
  TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval__, TYPE)                                             \
  (exponent)

static bool tabula_db_is_shorter_interval_tie__binary64(int exponent) {
  static int shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold = 0;
  static int shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold = 0;
  if(shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold == 0) {
    shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold =
        -tabula_db_floor_log5_pow2_minus_log5_3(TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(binary64) + 4) - 2 -
        TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(binary64);
  }
  if(shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold == 0) {
    shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold = -tabula_db_floor_log5_pow2(TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(binary64) + 2) -
                                           2 - TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(binary64);
  }
  return exponent >= shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold && exponent <= shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold;
}
#define tabula_db_is_shorter_interval_tie(TYPE, exponent)                                                              \
  TABULA_CAT2(tabula_db_is_shorter_interval_tie__, TYPE)(exponent)

// TRAILING_ZERO
#define TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO__ON_TRAILING_ZEROS__ignore(TYPE)                                                      \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
  } while(false)
#define TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO__ON_TRAILING_ZEROS__remove(TYPE)                                                      \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    int out_exp;                                                                                                       \
    tabula_db_remove_trailing_zeros(out_exp, TYPE, ret_significand);                                                   \
    ret_exponent += out_exp;                                                                                           \
  } while(false)

#define TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO_ON_TRAILING_ZEROS(TRAILING_ZERO, TYPE)                                                \
  TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO__ON_TRAILING_ZEROS__, TRAILING_ZERO)(TYPE)
#define TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO_NO_TRAILING_ZEROS(TRAILING_ZERO, TYPE)                                                \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
  } while(false)

// DEC_TO_BIN
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__TO_NEAREST 0
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__LEFT_CLOSED 1
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__RIGHT_CLOSED 2

#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__GET_TAG__nearest_to_even TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__TO_NEAREST
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__SHORT__nearest_to_even closed
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__NORMAL__nearest_to_even symmetric_boundary((bits_sign_significand % 2) == 0)

#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__GET_TAG__nearest_to_odd TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__TO_NEAREST
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__SHORT__nearest_to_odd open
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__NORMAL__nearest_to_odd symmetric_boundary((bits_sign_significand % 2) != 0)

#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__GET_TAG__nearest_toward_plus_infinity TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__TO_NEAREST
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__SHORT__nearest_toward_plus_infinity                                                     \
  asymmetric_boundary((bits_sign_significand & ((uint64_t)1 << 63)) == 0)
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__NORMAL__nearest_toward_plus_infinity                                                    \
  asymmetric_boundary((bits_sign_significand & ((uint64_t)1 << 63)) == 0)

#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__GET_TAG__nearest_toward_minus_infinity TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__TO_NEAREST
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__SHORT__nearest_toward_minus_infinity                                                    \
  asymmetric_boundary((bits_sign_significand & ((uint64_t)1 << 63)) != 0)
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__NORMAL__nearest_toward_minus_infinity                                                   \
  asymmetric_boundary((bits_sign_significand & ((uint64_t)1 << 63)) != 0)

#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__GET_TAG__nearest_toward_zero TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__TO_NEAREST
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__SHORT__nearest_toward_zero right_closed_left_open
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__NORMAL__nearest_toward_zero right_closed_left_open

#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__GET_TAG__nearest_away_from_zero TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__TO_NEAREST
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__SHORT__nearest_away_from_zero left_closed_right_open
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__NORMAL__nearest_away_from_zero left_closed_right_open

#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_GET_TAG(DEC_TO_BIN) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__GET_TAG__, DEC_TO_BIN)
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_SHORT(DEC_TO_BIN) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__SHORT__, DEC_TO_BIN)
#define TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_NORMAL(DEC_TO_BIN) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__NORMAL__, DEC_TO_BIN)

// INTERVAL
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__IS_SYMMETRIC__symmetric_boundary(IS_CLOSED) true
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_LEFT__symmetric_boundary(IS_CLOSED) (IS_CLOSED)
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_RIGHT__symmetric_boundary(IS_CLOSED) (IS_CLOSED)

#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__IS_SYMMETRIC__asymmetric_boundary(IS_LEFT_CLOSED) false
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_LEFT__asymmetric_boundary(IS_LEFT_CLOSED) (IS_LEFT_CLOSED)
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_RIGHT__asymmetric_boundary(IS_LEFT_CLOSED) (!(IS_LEFT_CLOSED))

#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__IS_SYMMETRIC__closed true
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_LEFT__closed true
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_RIGHT__closed true

#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__IS_SYMMETRIC__open true
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_LEFT__open false
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_RIGHT__open false

#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__IS_SYMMETRIC__left_closed_right_open false
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_LEFT__left_closed_right_open true
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_RIGHT__left_closed_right_open false

#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__IS_SYMMETRIC__right_closed_left_open false
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_LEFT__right_closed_left_open false
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_RIGHT__right_closed_left_open true

#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL_IS_SYMMETRIC(INTERVAL) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__IS_SYMMETRIC__, INTERVAL)
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL_INCLUDE_LEFT(INTERVAL) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_LEFT__, INTERVAL)
#define TABULA_DB__INTERVAL_INCLUDE_RIGHT(INTERVAL) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__INTERVAL__INCLUDE_RIGHT__, INTERVAL)

// BIN_TO_DEC
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__DO_NOT_CARE 0
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__TO_EVEN 1
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__TO_ODD 2
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__AWAY_FROM_ZERO 3
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__TOWARD_ZERO 4

#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__GET_TAG__do_not_care TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__DO_NOT_CARE
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__ROUND_DOWN__do_not_care false

#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__GET_TAG__to_even TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__TO_EVEN
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__ROUND_DOWN__to_even ((ret_significand % 2) != 0)

#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__GET_TAG__to_odd TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__TO_ODD
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__ROUND_DOWN__to_odd ((ret_significand % 2) == 0)

#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__GET_TAG__to_odd TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__TO_ODD
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__ROUND_DOWN__to_odd ((ret_significand % 2) == 0)

#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__GET_TAG__away_from_zero TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__AWAY_FROM_ZERO
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__ROUND_DOWN__away_from_zero false

#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__GET_TAG__toward_zero TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__AWAY_FROM_ZERO
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__ROUND_DOWN__toward_zero true

#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC_GET_TAG(BIN_TO_DEC) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__GET_TAG__, BIN_TO_DEC)
#define TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC_ROUND_DOWN(BIN_TO_DEC) TABULA_CAT2(TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__ROUND_DOWN__, BIN_TO_DEC)

// SETTINGS HERE
enum tabula_db_dec_to_bin {
  tabula_db_dec_to_bin__nearest_to_even,
  tabula_db_dec_to_bin__nearest_to_odd,
  tabula_db_dec_to_bin__nearest_toward_plus_infinity,
  tabula_db_dec_to_bin__nearest_toward_minus_infinity,
  tabula_db_dec_to_bin__nearest_toward_zero,
  tabula_db_dec_to_bin__nearest_away_from_zero
};

enum tabula_db_bin_to_dec {
  tabula_db_bin_to_dec__do_not_care,
  tabula_db_bin_to_dec__to_even,
  tabula_db_bin_to_dec__to_odd,
  tabula_db_bin_to_dec__away_from_zero,
  tabula_db_bin_to_dec__toward_zero
};

enum tabula_db_trailing_zero { tabula_db_trailing_zero__ignore, tabula_db_trailing_zero__remove };

#define TABULA_DB_IMPL(NAME, TYPE, DEC_TO_BIN, BIN_TO_DEC, TRAILING_ZERO)                                              \
  static void NAME(double input, uint64_t *result_significand, int *result_exponent) {                                 \
    uint64_t bits = *(uint64_t *)&input;                                                                               \
    uint64_t bits_exponent = (bits >> TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE)) & TABULA_DB_TYPE_EXPONENT_BITS_MASK(TYPE); \
    uint64_t bits_sign_significand = bits ^ (bits_exponent << TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE));                   \
    uint64_t ret_significand;                                                                                          \
    int ret_exponent;                                                                                                  \
    if(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_GET_TAG(DEC_TO_BIN) == TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__TO_NEAREST) {                          \
      uint64_t two_fc = bits_sign_significand << 1;                                                                    \
      int exponent = (int)bits_exponent;                                                                               \
      if(exponent != 0) {                                                                                              \
        exponent += TABULA_DB_TYPE_EXPONENT_BIAS(TYPE) - TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE);                         \
        if(two_fc == 0) {                                                                                              \
          /* Compute k and beta */                                                                                     \
          const int minus_k = tabula_db_floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(exponent);                               \
          const int beta = exponent + tabula_db_floor_log2_pow10(-minus_k);                                            \
          /* Compute xi and zi */                                                                                      \
          tabula_db_u128 cache = tabula_db_get_binary64_cache(-minus_k);                                               \
          uint64_t xi = tabula_db_compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(TYPE, cache, beta);                  \
          uint64_t zi = tabula_db_compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(TYPE, cache, beta);                 \
          /* rounding rules */                                                                                         \
          if(!TABULA_DB__INTERVAL_INCLUDE_RIGHT(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_SHORT(DEC_TO_BIN)) &&                            \
             tabula_db_is_right_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(TYPE, exponent)) {                                   \
            zi--;                                                                                                      \
          }                                                                                                            \
          if(!TABULA_DB__INTERVAL_INCLUDE_LEFT(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_SHORT(DEC_TO_BIN)) &&                             \
             tabula_db_is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(TYPE, exponent)) {                                    \
            xi++;                                                                                                      \
          }                                                                                                            \
          /* Try bigger divisor */                                                                                     \
          ret_significand = zi / 10;                                                                                   \
          if(ret_significand * 10 >= xi) {                                                                             \
            ret_exponent = minus_k + 1;                                                                                \
            TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO_ON_TRAILING_ZEROS(TRAILING_ZERO, TYPE);                                           \
            goto done;                                                                                                 \
          }                                                                                                            \
          TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO_NO_TRAILING_ZEROS(TRAILING_ZERO, TYPE);                                             \
          ret_significand = tabula_db_compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(TYPE, cache, beta);                   \
          ret_exponent = minus_k;                                                                                      \
          if(TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC_ROUND_DOWN(BIN_TO_DEC) && tabula_db_is_shorter_interval_tie(TYPE, exponent)) {      \
            ret_significand--;                                                                                         \
          } else if(ret_significand < xi) {                                                                            \
            ret_significand++;                                                                                         \
          }                                                                                                            \
          goto done;                                                                                                   \
        }                                                                                                              \
        two_fc |= ((uint64_t)1 << (TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) + 1));                                         \
      } else {                                                                                                         \
        exponent = TABULA_DB_TYPE_MIN_EXPONENT(TYPE) - TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE);                           \
      }                                                                                                                \
      /* step 1: Schubfach multiplier calculation */                                                                   \
      int minus_k = tabula_db_floor_log10_pow2(exponent) - TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE);                                 \
      tabula_db_u128 cache = tabula_db_get_binary64_cache(-minus_k);                                                   \
      int beta = exponent + tabula_db_floor_log2_pow10(-minus_k);                                                      \
      uint32_t deltai = tabula_db_compute_delta(TYPE, cache, beta);                                                    \
      uint64_t zi;                                                                                                     \
      bool is_z_integer;                                                                                               \
      tabula_db_compute_mul(zi, is_z_integer, TYPE, (two_fc | 1) << beta, cache);                                      \
      /* Step 2: Try larger divisor; remove trailing zeros if necessary */                                             \
      uint32_t big_divisor;                                                                                            \
      tabula_db_compute_power(big_divisor, TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE) + 1, uint32_t, 10);                              \
      uint32_t small_divisor;                                                                                          \
      tabula_db_compute_power(small_divisor, TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE), uint32_t, 10);                                \
      tabula_db_divide_by_pow10(ret_significand, TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE) + 1, uint64_t,                             \
                                ((uint64_t)1 << (TABULA_DB_TYPE_SIGNFICAND_BITS(TYPE) + 1)) * big_divisor - 1, zi);    \
      uint32_t r = (uint32_t)(zi - big_divisor * ret_significand);                                                     \
      if(r < deltai) {                                                                                                 \
        if(r == 0 && (is_z_integer & !TABULA_DB__INTERVAL_INCLUDE_RIGHT(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_NORMAL(DEC_TO_BIN)))) {  \
          if(TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC_GET_TAG(BIN_TO_DEC) == TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__DO_NOT_CARE) {                   \
            ret_significand *= 10;                                                                                     \
            ret_exponent = minus_k + TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE);                                                       \
            ret_significand--;                                                                                         \
            TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO_NO_TRAILING_ZEROS(TRAILING_ZERO, TYPE);                                           \
            goto done;                                                                                                 \
          }                                                                                                            \
          ret_significand--;                                                                                           \
          r = big_divisor;                                                                                             \
          goto normal_small;                                                                                           \
        }                                                                                                              \
      } else if(r > deltai) {                                                                                          \
        goto normal_small;                                                                                             \
      } else {                                                                                                         \
        bool xi_parity;                                                                                                \
        bool is_x_integer;                                                                                             \
        uint64_t two_fc_minus_one = two_fc - 1;                                                                        \
        tabula_db_compute_mul_parity(xi_parity, is_x_integer, TYPE, two_fc_minus_one, cache, beta);                    \
        if(!(xi_parity |                                                                                               \
             (is_x_integer && TABULA_DB__INTERVAL_INCLUDE_LEFT(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_NORMAL(DEC_TO_BIN))))) {          \
          goto normal_small;                                                                                           \
        }                                                                                                              \
      }                                                                                                                \
      ret_exponent = minus_k + TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE) + 1;                                                         \
      TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO_ON_TRAILING_ZEROS(TRAILING_ZERO, TYPE);                                                 \
      goto done;                                                                                                       \
      /* step 3 : find the significand with the smaller divisor */                                                     \
    normal_small:                                                                                                      \
      TABULA_DB__TRAILING_ZERO_NO_TRAILING_ZEROS(TRAILING_ZERO, TYPE);                                                 \
      ret_significand *= 10;                                                                                           \
      ret_exponent = minus_k + TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE);                                                             \
      if(TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC_GET_TAG(BIN_TO_DEC) == TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC__TAG__DO_NOT_CARE) {                       \
        if(!TABULA_DB__INTERVAL_INCLUDE_RIGHT(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_NORMAL(DEC_TO_BIN))) {                             \
          bool is_divisible;                                                                                           \
          uint32_t r_temp = r;                                                                                         \
          tabula_db_check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(is_divisible, TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE), r_temp);          \
          if(is_z_integer && is_divisible) {                                                                           \
            ret_significand += r_temp - 1;                                                                             \
          } else {                                                                                                     \
            ret_significand += is_z_integer ? r_temp : r;                                                              \
          }                                                                                                            \
        } else {                                                                                                       \
          ret_significand += tabula_db_small_division_by_pow10(TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE), r);                         \
        }                                                                                                              \
      } else {                                                                                                         \
        uint32_t dist = r - (deltai / 2) + (small_divisor / 2);                                                        \
        bool approx_y_parity = ((dist ^ (small_divisor / 2)) & 1) != 0;                                                \
        bool divisible_by_small_divisor;                                                                               \
        tabula_db_check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(divisible_by_small_divisor, TABULA_DB_TYPE_KAPPA(TYPE),       \
                                                         dist);                                                        \
        ret_significand += dist;                                                                                       \
        if(divisible_by_small_divisor) {                                                                               \
          bool yi_parity;                                                                                              \
          bool is_y_integer;                                                                                           \
          tabula_db_compute_mul_parity(yi_parity, is_y_integer, TYPE, two_fc, cache, beta);                            \
          if(yi_parity != approx_y_parity) {                                                                           \
            ret_significand--;                                                                                         \
          } else if(is_y_integer && TABULA_DB__BIN_TO_DEC_ROUND_DOWN(BIN_TO_DEC)) {                                    \
            ret_significand--;                                                                                         \
          }                                                                                                            \
        }                                                                                                              \
      }                                                                                                                \
    } else if(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_GET_TAG(DEC_TO_BIN) == TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__LEFT_CLOSED) {                  \
    } else if(TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN_GET_TAG(DEC_TO_BIN) == TABULA_DB__DEC_TO_BIN__TAG__RIGHT_CLOSED) {                 \
    }                                                                                                                  \
  done:                                                                                                                \
    *result_significand = ret_significand;                                                                             \
    *result_exponent = ret_exponent;                                                                                   \
  }

TABULA_DB_IMPL(tabula_dragonbox_binary64, binary64, nearest_to_even, to_even, remove)
// end of detour into dragonbox

static uint8_t *tabula_format_emit_double(uint8_t *end, double value, bool f_hash, int32_t precision,
                                       enum tabula_format_style style) {
  char output_case = style - 'A';                     // offset to go from uppercase to expected case
  enum tabula_format_style lower_style = style | ' '; // bit or to go from uppercase to lowercase
  if(isnan(value)) {
    *--end = output_case + 'N';
    *--end = output_case + 'A';
    *--end = output_case + 'N';
  } else if(isinf(value)) {
    *--end = output_case + 'F';
    *--end = output_case + 'N';
    *--end = output_case + 'I';
  } else {
    value = fabs(value);
    if(precision < 0) {
      precision = 6;
    } else if(precision == 0) {
      precision = 1;
    }

    uint64_t significand;
    int exponent;
    tabula_dragonbox_binary64(value, &significand, &exponent);

    // remove zeros
    do {
      uint64_t d_value = significand % 10;
      if(d_value) {
        break;
      }
      significand /= 10;
      exponent++;
    } while(significand && exponent < 0);

    // e form -- raise exponent until significand would be zero
    // only e_exponent is used
    uint64_t e_significand = significand;
    int e_exponent = exponent;
    unsigned int X = 0;
    if(lower_style == tabula_format_style_float_auto || lower_style == tabula_format_style_float_standard) {
      while(e_significand) {
        e_significand /= 10;
        X++;
      }
      X--;
      e_exponent -= X;
    }

    // logic for g/G
    if(lower_style == tabula_format_style_float_auto) {
      if(precision > X) {
        style -= 'g' - 'f';
        precision -= X;
      } else {
        style -= 'g' - 'e';
        precision--;
      }
      lower_style = style | ' ';
    }

    // draw exponent part
    if(lower_style == tabula_format_style_float_standard) {
      end = tabula_format_emit_int32(end, -e_exponent, 2);
      end = tabula_format_emit_int32_prefix(end, -e_exponent, true, false);
      *--end = style;
      exponent = e_exponent;
    }

    bool emitted = false;

    if(-exponent > precision) {
      // the . is too far away for the requested precision, pop some digits
      while(-exponent > precision) {
        significand /= 10;
        exponent++;
      }
    } else if(-exponent < precision) {
      // the . is behind the requested precision, pad with zeros by emitting them. reducing precision
      while(precision > 0 && -exponent < precision) {
        *--end = '0';
        precision--;
      }

      emitted = true;
    }

    // fraction digits to .
    while(significand && exponent < 0) {
      uint64_t d_value = significand % 10;
      significand /= 10;
      exponent++;
      *--end = '0' + d_value;
      emitted = true;
    }

    // fraction digits end
    if(emitted || f_hash) {
      *--end = '.';
    }

    // draw integer part
    end = tabula_format_emit_int64_unsigned_dec_imprecise(end, significand);
  }
  return end;
}
static uint32_t tabula_format_emit_double_prefix_count(double value, bool f_plus, bool f_space) {
  return (value < (double)0) || f_plus || f_space ? 1 : 0;
}
static uint8_t *tabula_format_emit_double_prefix(uint8_t *end, double value, bool f_plus, bool f_space) {
  if(value < (double)0) {
    *--end = '-';
  } else if(f_plus) {
    *--end = '+';
  } else if(f_space) {
    *--end = ' ';
  }
  return end;
}

struct tabula_format_position {
  va_list ap;
  uint8_t size;
};

static const char tabula_format_sixty_spaces[] = "                                                            ";
static const char tabula_format_sixty_zeros[] = "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";

static inline unsigned int tabula_format_do_emit(void (*emit)(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud), void *ud,
                                                 unsigned int limit, const uint8_t *ptr, unsigned int length,
                                                 unsigned int have_written) {
  if(have_written < limit) {
    unsigned int emit_length = have_written + length > limit ? limit - have_written : length;
    emit(ptr, emit_length, ud);
  }
  return length;
}

static inline bool tabula_format_parse_placeholder(const char *format, struct tabula_format_placeholder *parsed,
                                                   const char **end) {
  memset(parsed, 0, sizeof(*parsed));
  parsed->parameter = TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
  parsed->width = TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
  parsed->precision = TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;

  const char *param_start = format;
  if(tabula_format_is_digit(*format)) {
    int32_t parameter = (int32_t)tabula_format_atod(format, &format);
    if(*format == '$') {
      format++;
      parsed->parameter = parameter - 1;
    } else {
      format = param_start;
    }
  }

  for(;;) {
    if(*format == '-') {
      parsed->flag_minus = 1;
      format++;
      continue;
    }
    if(*format == '+') {
      parsed->flag_plus = 1;
      format++;
      continue;
    }
    if(*format == ' ') {
      parsed->flag_space = 1;
      format++;
      continue;
    }
    if(*format == '0') {
      parsed->flag_zero = 1;
      format++;
      continue;
    }
    if(*format == '\'') {
      parsed->flag_apostrophe = 1;
      format++;
      continue;
    }
    if(*format == '#') {
      parsed->flag_hash = 1;
      format++;
      continue;
    }
    break;
  }

  if(parsed->parameter == TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && *format == '*') {
    parsed->width_dynamic = 1;
    parsed->width = 0;
    format++;
  } else if(tabula_format_is_digit(*format)) {
    parsed->width = (int32_t)tabula_format_atoi(format, &format);
  }

  if(*format == '.') {
    format++;
    parsed->flag_zero = 0;
    parsed->precision = 0;
    if(parsed->parameter == TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && *format == '*') {
      parsed->precision_dynamic = 1;
      format++;
    } else {
      parsed->precision = (int32_t)tabula_format_atoi(format, &format);
    }
  }

  switch(*format) {
  case 'h':
    format++;
    if(*format == 'h') {
      format++;
      parsed->length = tabula_format_hh;
    } else {
      parsed->length = tabula_format_h;
    }
    break;
  case 'l':
    format++;
    if(*format == 'l') {
      format++;
      parsed->length = tabula_format_ll;
    } else {
      parsed->length = tabula_format_l;
    }
    break;
  case 'L':
    format++;
    parsed->length = tabula_format_L;
    break;
  case 'z':
    format++;
    parsed->length = tabula_format_z;
    break;
  case 'j':
    format++;
    parsed->length = tabula_format_j;
    break;
  case 't':
    format++;
    parsed->length = tabula_format_t;
    break;
  }

  parsed->style = *format;
  switch(*format) {
  case 'd':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_signed_integer;
    break;
  case 'i':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_signed_integer;
    break;
  case 'u':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer;
    break;
  case 'f':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_double;
    break;
  case 'F':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_double;
    break;
  case 'e':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_double;
    break;
  case 'E':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_double;
    break;
  case 'g':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_double;
    break;
  case 'G':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_double;
    break;
  case 'x':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer;
    break;
  case 'X':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer;
    break;
  case 'o':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer;
    break;
  case 's':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_string;
    break;
  case 'c':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_character;
    break;
  case 'p':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_pointer;
    break;
  case 'a':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_double;
    break;
  case 'A':
    parsed->datatype = tabula_format_datatype_double;
    break;
  case '%':
    break;
  default:
    return false;
  }
  *end = format + 1;
  return true;
}

int tabula_vformat(void (*emit)(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud), void *ud, unsigned int limit_,
                   const char *format_, va_list ap) {
  // step 0: parse, if positional step 1 else emit                 ; return
  // step 1: parse, increment max positional count                 ; allocate
  // positional array, step 2 step 2: parse, record size positional array size
  // arra         ; populate positional array data, step 3 step 3: parse, read
  // argument from positional array, emit      ; free positional array, return

  uint8_t emit_buffer[64];
  uint8_t *const emit_buffer_end = emit_buffer + 64;

  int step = 0;
  unsigned int max_positional_argument_index = 0;
  int to_write = 0;

  struct tabula_format_position *positional_array = NULL;

#define TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT(PTR, LENGTH)                                                                                \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    to_write += tabula_format_do_emit(emit, ud, limit, (const uint8_t *)PTR, LENGTH, to_write);                        \
  } while(0)

  unsigned int limit = limit_ ? limit_ - 1 : 0;

  for(;;) {
    const char *format = format_;

    const char *start = format, *end;
    struct tabula_format_placeholder placeholder;

    while(*format) {
      if(*format == '%') {
        end = format;
        format++;
        if(tabula_format_parse_placeholder(format, &placeholder, &format)) {
          if(end > start && (step == 0 || step == 3)) {
            TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT(start, end - start);
          }
          start = format;
        } else {
          continue;
        }
      } else {
        do {
          format++;
        } while(*format && *format != '%');
        end = format;
        continue;
      }

      if(step == 0) {
        if(placeholder.parameter != TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
          step = 1;
          format_ = end;
        }
      }

      if(step == 1) {
        if(placeholder.parameter == TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
          return 0;
        }
        max_positional_argument_index = placeholder.parameter > max_positional_argument_index
                                            ? placeholder.parameter
                                            : max_positional_argument_index;
        continue;
      }

      if(step == 2) {
        if(placeholder.parameter == TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
          return 0;
        }
        positional_array[placeholder.parameter].size =
            tabula_format_size_table[placeholder.datatype * 9 + placeholder.length];
        if(positional_array[placeholder.parameter].size == 0) {
          return 0;
        }
        continue;
      }

      if(step == 3) {
        if(placeholder.parameter == TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
          return 0;
        }
        va_copy(ap, positional_array[placeholder.parameter].ap);
      }

      int i_width = placeholder.width_dynamic ? va_arg(ap, int) : placeholder.width;
      unsigned int width;
      if(i_width < 0) {
        width = -i_width;
        placeholder.flag_minus = 1;
      } else {
        width = i_width;
      }
      int32_t precision = placeholder.precision_dynamic ? va_arg(ap, int) : placeholder.precision;
      const char *pad_characters = placeholder.flag_zero ? tabula_format_sixty_zeros : tabula_format_sixty_spaces;
      uint8_t *emit_ptr = emit_buffer_end;
      unsigned int emit_length;
      unsigned int prefix_length = 0;

      intmax_t i_value;
      uintmax_t u_value;
      double g_value;

      if(placeholder.style == tabula_format_style_escape) {
        TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT("%", 1);
        continue;
      }

      switch(placeholder.datatype) {
      case tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer:
        u_value =
            placeholder.length == tabula_format_hh   ? (unsigned long long int)(unsigned char)va_arg(ap, unsigned int)
            : placeholder.length == tabula_format_h  ? (unsigned long long int)(unsigned short)va_arg(ap, unsigned int)
            : placeholder.length == tabula_format_l  ? (unsigned long long int)va_arg(ap, unsigned long)
            : placeholder.length == tabula_format_ll ? (unsigned long long int)va_arg(ap, unsigned long long)
            : placeholder.length == tabula_format_z  ? (unsigned long long int)va_arg(ap, size_t)
            : placeholder.length == tabula_format_j  ? (unsigned long long int)va_arg(ap, intmax_t)
            : placeholder.length == tabula_format_t  ? (unsigned long long int)va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t)
                                                     : (unsigned long long int)va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
        emit_ptr = tabula_format_emit_int64_unsigned(emit_ptr, u_value, precision, placeholder.style);
        prefix_length =
            tabula_format_emit_int64_unsigned_prefix_count(u_value, placeholder.flag_hash, placeholder.style);
        emit_length = emit_buffer_end - emit_ptr;
        break;
      case tabula_format_datatype_signed_integer:
        i_value = placeholder.length == tabula_format_hh   ? (long long int)(char)va_arg(ap, int)
                  : placeholder.length == tabula_format_h  ? (long long int)(short)va_arg(ap, int)
                  : placeholder.length == tabula_format_l  ? (long long int)va_arg(ap, long)
                  : placeholder.length == tabula_format_ll ? (long long int)va_arg(ap, long long)
                  : placeholder.length == tabula_format_z  ? (long long int)va_arg(ap, size_t)
                  : placeholder.length == tabula_format_j  ? (long long int)va_arg(ap, intmax_t)
                  : placeholder.length == tabula_format_t  ? (long long int)va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t)
                                                           : (long long int)va_arg(ap, int);
        emit_ptr = tabula_format_emit_int64(emit_ptr, i_value, precision);
        prefix_length = tabula_format_emit_int64_prefix_count(i_value, placeholder.flag_plus, placeholder.flag_space);
        emit_length = emit_buffer_end - emit_ptr;
        break;
      case tabula_format_datatype_character: {
        int c = va_arg(ap, int);
        *--emit_ptr = c; // TODO locale
        emit_length = 1;
      } break;
      case tabula_format_datatype_double:
        g_value = placeholder.length == tabula_format_L ? (double)va_arg(ap, long double) : (double)va_arg(ap, double);
        emit_ptr = tabula_format_emit_double(emit_ptr, g_value, placeholder.flag_hash, precision, placeholder.style);
        prefix_length = tabula_format_emit_double_prefix_count(g_value, placeholder.flag_plus, placeholder.flag_space);
        emit_length = emit_buffer_end - emit_ptr;
        break;
      case tabula_format_datatype_pointer: {
        void *value_ptr = va_arg(ap, void *);
        u_value = (uintmax_t)value_ptr;
        if(u_value) {
          emit_ptr = tabula_format_emit_int64_unsigned_hex(emit_ptr, u_value, precision);
          *--emit_ptr = 'x';
          *--emit_ptr = '0';
          emit_length = emit_buffer_end - emit_ptr;
        } else {
          emit_ptr = (uint8_t *)tabula_null_to_str[tabula_format_ptrnull].ptr;
          emit_length = tabula_null_to_str[tabula_format_ptrnull].length;
        }
      } break;
      case tabula_format_datatype_string: {
        const char *str = va_arg(ap, const char *);
        if(str != NULL) {
          pad_characters = tabula_format_sixty_spaces;
          emit_ptr = (uint8_t *)str;
          emit_length = strlen(str);
        } else {
          emit_ptr = (uint8_t *)tabula_null_to_str[tabula_format_strnull].ptr;
          emit_length = tabula_null_to_str[tabula_format_strnull].length;
        }
        if(precision != TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && emit_length > precision)
          emit_length = precision;
      } break;
      }

      if(width != TABULA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && width - prefix_length > emit_length) {
        unsigned int pad = width - emit_length - prefix_length;
        if(!placeholder.flag_minus) {
          // draw prefix before zeros
          if(placeholder.flag_zero) {
            uint8_t prefix[10];
            uint8_t *p = prefix;
            if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer) {
              p = tabula_format_emit_int64_unsigned_prefix(p, u_value, placeholder.flag_hash, placeholder.style);
            } else if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_signed_integer) {
              p = tabula_format_emit_int64_prefix(p, i_value, placeholder.flag_plus, placeholder.flag_space);
            } else if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_double) {
              p = tabula_format_emit_double_prefix(p, g_value, placeholder.flag_plus, placeholder.flag_plus);
            }
            TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT(p, prefix_length);
          }
          while(pad) {
            unsigned int pl = pad > 60 ? 60 : pad;
            TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT(pad_characters, pl);
            pad -= pl;
          }
        }
        if(placeholder.flag_minus || !placeholder.flag_zero) {
          if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer) {
            emit_ptr =
                tabula_format_emit_int64_unsigned_prefix(emit_ptr, u_value, placeholder.flag_hash, placeholder.style);
          } else if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_signed_integer) {
            emit_ptr =
                tabula_format_emit_int64_prefix(emit_ptr, i_value, placeholder.flag_plus, placeholder.flag_space);
          } else if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_double) {
            emit_ptr =
                tabula_format_emit_double_prefix(emit_ptr, g_value, placeholder.flag_plus, placeholder.flag_plus);
          }
          emit_length += prefix_length;
        }
        TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT(emit_ptr, emit_length);
        if(placeholder.flag_minus) {
          while(pad) {
            unsigned int pl = pad > 60 ? 60 : pad;
            TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT(tabula_format_sixty_spaces, pl);
            pad -= pl;
          }
        }
      } else {
        if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_unsigned_integer) {
          emit_ptr =
              tabula_format_emit_int64_unsigned_prefix(emit_ptr, u_value, placeholder.flag_hash, placeholder.style);
        } else if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_signed_integer) {
          emit_ptr = tabula_format_emit_int64_prefix(emit_ptr, i_value, placeholder.flag_plus, placeholder.flag_space);
        } else if(placeholder.datatype == tabula_format_datatype_double) {
          emit_ptr = tabula_format_emit_double_prefix(emit_ptr, g_value, placeholder.flag_plus, placeholder.flag_plus);
        }
        emit_length += prefix_length;
        TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT(emit_ptr, emit_length);
      }
    }

    if(end > start && (step == 0 || step == 3)) {
      TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT(start, end - start);
    }

    if(step == 1) {
      positional_array = malloc(sizeof(*positional_array) * (max_positional_argument_index + 1));
      step = 2;
      continue;
    }

    if(step == 2) {
      for(unsigned int i = 0; i <= max_positional_argument_index; i++) {
        va_copy(positional_array[i].ap, ap);
        if(positional_array[i].size == 1)
          va_arg(ap, int);
        else if(positional_array[i].size == 2)
          va_arg(ap, int);
        else if(positional_array[i].size == 4)
          va_arg(ap, uint32_t);
        else if(positional_array[i].size == 8)
          va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
        else
          return 0;
      }
      step = 3;
      continue;
    }

    if(step == 3) {
      free(positional_array);
    }

    if(limit_) {
      // emit("", 1, ud);
    }

#undef TABULA_FORMAT_EMIT

    return to_write;
  }
}

void tabula_format_emit_to_file(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud) { fwrite(ptr, 1, length, (FILE *)ud); }

void tabula_format_emit_to_string(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud) {
  struct tabula_format_emit_to_string_data *data = (struct tabula_format_emit_to_string_data *)ud;
  size_t position = data->position;
  data->position += length;
  if(position > data->string_size)
    return;
  if(position + length > data->string_size) {
    length = data->string_size - position;
  }
  memcpy(data->string + position, ptr, length);
}

void tabula_format_emit_to_nothing(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length, void *ud) {}
#endif // TABULA_IMPLEMENTATION

#if TABULA_ENTRY_POINT
int tabula_entry_point(int argc, char **argv);

#if WIN32
typedef struct HINSTANCE__ *tabula_HINSTANCE;
int WinMain(tabula_HINSTANCE instance, tabula_HINSTANCE prev_instance, char *command_line, int show_cmd) {
  int argc = 1;
  char **argv = realloc(NULL, sizeof(*argv) * argc);
  argv[0] = command_line;

  // TODO parse command_line

  int result = tabula_entry_point(argc, argv);

  free(argv);

  return result;
}
#else
int main(int argc, char **argv) { return tabula_entry_point(argc, argv); }
#endif
#endif

#endif // _TABULA_H_